Skin topography changes during kiwifruit development

Lai, Pufu; Gwanpua, Sunny George; Bailey, Donald G.; Heyes, J.A.; East, A.R.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2018.1218.59

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Topography data were collected with an x-y resolution of 26.83 µm and z (vertical) resolution of 2 µm. Subsequent calculations to extract surface roughness descriptive parameters (Lai et al, 2018) were conducted with the accompanying proprietary software package (Primos™ v5.8, Cranfield Image Systems, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights Into Olive Fruit Surface Functions: A Comparison of Cuticular Composition, Water Permeability, and Surface Topography in Nine Cultivars During Maturation

et al. 2019

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Olive (Olea europaea L.) growing has outstanding economic relevance in Spain, the main olive oil producer and exporter in the world. Fruit skin properties are very relevant for fruit and oil quality, water loss, and susceptibility to mechanical damage, rots, and infestations, but limited research focus has been placed on the cuticle of intact olive fruit. In this work, fruit samples from nine olive cultivars (“Arbequina,” “Argudell,” “Empeltre,” “Farga,” “Manzanilla,” “Marfil,” “Morrut,” “Picual,” and “Sevillenca”) were harvested from an experimental orchard at three different ripening stages (green, turning, and ripe), and cuticular membranes were enzymatically isolated from fruit skin. The total contents of cuticular wax and cutin significantly differed among cultivars both in absolute and in relative terms. The wax to cutin ratio generally decreased along fruit maturation, with the exception of “Marfil” and “Picual.” In contrast, increased water permeance values in ripe fruit were observed uniquely for “Argudell,” “Morrut,” and “Marfil” fruit. The toluidine blue test revealed surface discontinuities on green samples of “Argudell,” “Empeltre,” “Manzanilla,” “Marfil,” and “Sevillenca” fruit, but not on “Arbequina,” “Farga,” “Morrut,” or “Picual.” No apparent relationship was found between water permeability and total wax coverage or the results of the toluidine blue test. The composition of cuticular waxes and cutin monomers was analyzed in detail, and sections of fruit pericarp were stained in Sudan IV for microscopy observations. Skin surface topography was also studied by means of fringe projection, showing large differences in surface roughness among the cultivars, “Farga” and “Morrut” fruits displaying the most irregular surfaces. Cultivar-related differences in cuticle and surface features of fruit are presented and discussed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights Into Olive Fruit Surface Functions: A Comparison of Cuticular Composition, Water Permeability, and Surface Topography in Nine Cultivars During Maturation

et al. 2019

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“…By about 110 DAFB, the limits of extensibility of the lenticels were exceeded and the lenticels started to rupture (Fig 3). 'Apple' mango is not unique in this behavior [14,27,28].…”

Section: Growth Strain Enlarges Lenticels Leading To Their Rupturementioning

confidence: 99%

Lenticels are sites of initiation of microcracking and russeting in ‘Apple’ mango

Athoo,

Winkler,

Owino

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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The mango cultivar ‘Apple’ is an important fruitcrop in Kenya, but it is highly susceptible to russeting. The objective was to establish whether lenticels predispose cv. ‘Apple’ mango to russeting. Fruit mass and surface area increased in a sigmoidal pattern with time. The frequency of lenticels per unit surface area decreased during development. The number of lenticels per fruit was constant. Lenticels were most frequent in the apex region and least common in the cheek and nak (ventral) regions. The cheek region also had lenticels with the largest core areas, whereas the lenticel core areas in the apex region were significantly smaller. Microscopy revealed stomata became covered over with wax deposits at 33 days after full bloom (DAFB). By 78 DAFB, periderm had formed beneath the pore. At 110 and 161 DAFB, cracks had developed and the periderm had extended tangentially and radially. The presence of lenticels increased the strain released upon excision of an epidermal segment, further strain releases occurred subsequently upon isolation of the cuticle and on extraction of the cuticular waxes. The number of lenticels per unit surface area was negatively correlated with the fruit surface area (r2 = 0.62 **), but not affected by fruit size. Mango cv. ‘Apple’ had fewer, larger lenticels and more russet, compared with ‘Ngowe’, ‘Kitovu’ or ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango. In cv. ‘Apple’, the lowest lenticel frequency, the largest lenticels and the most russeting occurred at a growing site at the highest altitude, with the highest rainfall and the lowest temperature. Moisture exposure of the fruit surface resulted in enlarged lenticels and more microcracking of the cuticle. Our results establish that russeting in ‘Apple’ mango is initiated at lenticels and is exacerbated if lenticels are exposed to moisture.

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Methodology of extracting microtopography of kiwifruit skin using fringe projection

Lai

Bailey

East

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)

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Skin topography changes during kiwifruit development

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Insights Into Olive Fruit Surface Functions: A Comparison of Cuticular Composition, Water Permeability, and Surface Topography in Nine Cultivars During Maturation

Insights Into Olive Fruit Surface Functions: A Comparison of Cuticular Composition, Water Permeability, and Surface Topography in Nine Cultivars During Maturation

Lenticels are sites of initiation of microcracking and russeting in ‘Apple’ mango

Methodology of extracting microtopography of kiwifruit skin using fringe projection

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