Skin temperature and core-peripheral temperature gradient as markers of hemodynamic status in critically ill patients: A review

Targeted Temperature Management Processes and Outcomes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

“…Although we believe that most missing data were due to randomly missing documentation in the source charts, it is possible that reasons for missing some data were associated with specific patient characteristics or outcomes, which could bias our findings. Our study included temperature measurements from peripheral methods, which may differ up to 3°C (50). To address and reduce the risk of insensitive measure bias, we performed a sensitivity analysis on the predictor variables of interest using only core temperature measurements and found no significant differences in the findings of our primary analysis.…”

Clinical examination for diagnosing circulatory shock

“…Studies evaluating the correlation between objective temperature measurements and CO showed conflicting results; some observed moderate correlations [33,35,40], whereas most observed no correlation [34–38]. Skin temperature measurement methods differ widely and are likely influenced by several factors: age, ambient temperature, hypothermia, peripheral vascular disease, vasopressors, pain and anxiety have all been proposed as influencing circumstances [44,45]. This may explain the conflicting results and may limit its usefulness for estimating CO in clinical practice.…”

Vital measurements and shock syndromes in critically ill adults

“…Accuracy varies considerably by site. Schey, Williams, and Bucknall (2010) reviewed the use of core-peripheral temperature gradients and the research linking this measure to cardiac output changes. O'Grady et al (2008) published guidelines for the evaluation of new temperature elevations in critically ill patients, recommending that assessment findings rather than automatic blood testing should guide management of temperature elevations.…”

“…O'Grady et al (2008) published guidelines for the evaluation of new temperature elevations in critically ill patients, recommending that assessment findings rather than automatic blood testing should guide management of temperature elevations. Schey, Williams, and Bucknall (2010) noted that confounding factors, small enrollments, and the use of multiple methods precludes firm conclusion on the use of core-peripheral temperature comparative research and requires further prospective trials. Schey, Williams, and Bucknall (2010) reviewed the use of core-peripheral temperature gradients and the research linking this measure to cardiac output changes.…”