Skin Temperature and Body Surface Section in Non-Uniform and Asymmetric Outdoor Thermal Environment

Abstract

In indoor environments and shady outdoor environments, there is little influence of short-wavelength solar radiation, so a strikingly non-uniform and asymmetric environment is not formed. In outdoor sunny environment, however, shaded areas occur even for the same site of the body, and a remarkable difference in skin temperature is considered to occur under the influence of the short-wavelength solar radiation. The purpose of this study is to clarify the influence of the non-uniform and asymmetric thermal radiation of short-wavelength solar radiation in outdoor environment on the division of the body surface section and the calculation of the mean skin temperature. The skin temperature of the front of the coronal surface, which was facing the sun and where the body received direct short-wavelength solar radiation, and the skin temperature of the rear of the coronal surface, which was in the shadow and did not receive direct short-wavelength solar radiation were respectively measured. The feet, upper arm, forearm, hand and lower leg, which are susceptible to short-wavelength solar radiation in a standing posture, had a noticeable difference in skin temperature between sites in the sun and in shade. The mean skin temperature of sites facing the sun was significantly higher than the mean skin temperature of those in the shade.

Thermal Manikin of Infant

“…Kurazumi et al [96] showed a significant difference in skin temperature in light and in shade, even for body parts that had both lit and shaded areas when receiving short wavelength direct solar radiation. As well as having mean skin temperature measurements or thermal manikin features in the head and trunk, it is necessary to separate the front and back of the limbs in the coronal plane.…”

A Colorimetric Dermal Tattoo Biosensor Fabricated by Microneedle Patch for Multiplexed Detection of Health‐Related Biomarkers

“…The high critical temperature of the developed sensor is set to be 39 °C because the temperature tattoo sensor in our work measures the temperature of skin surface, which is about 1 °C lower than rectal temperature. [ 21 ] When the skin temperature detected by our sensor exceeds 39 °C, the corresponding rectal temperature can reach 40 °C, which is dangerous and can cause serious, irreversible long‐lasting brain damage. [ 22 ] Patients with that high fever are suggested to go to the hospital for further accurate diagnosis and treatments.…”