Skin microbiota and human 3D skin models

Abstract

Although the role of the microbiota in skin homeostasis is still emerging, there is growing evidence that an intact microbiota supports the skin barrier. The increasing number of research efforts that are trying to shed more light on the human skin-microbiota interaction requires the use of suitable experimental models. Three-dimensional (3D) skin equivalents have been established as a valuable tool in dermatological research because they contain a fully differentiated epidermal barrier that reflects the morphological and molecular characteristics of normal human epidermis. In this review, we provide an overview of current 3D skin models and illustrate the potential of 3D skin models to study the human skin-microbiota interplay.

Live Biotherapeutic Products, A Road Map for Safety Assessment

“…Similar ex-vivo models have been recently reviewed for products intended for topical applications (74). 3D-skin models or skin-on-chip technologies, coupled to microfluidic culture devices, may provide new methods to assess the effect of LBPs on human skin.…”

“…3D-skin models or skin-on-chip technologies, coupled to microfluidic culture devices, may provide new methods to assess the effect of LBPs on human skin. Models reproducing healthy, wounded, or diseased skin have been used to assess the impact of commensals and pathogenic strain(s) on keratinocytes as well as on inflammatory responses to bacteria (74).…”

A review of co-culture models to study the oral microenvironment and disease

“…The skin is inhabited by a multitude of microorganisms, with many factors including genetics, environmental characteristics, and host demographics having an influence on the composition of the microflora and consequently on the shift from health to disease [87]. There are a number of 3D skin models established, including some that are available to purchase, which have a fully differentiated epithelium [88]. These models have typically been used in toxicity studies and drug testing applications [89]; however, due to the similarities in structure between skin and oral mucosa, lessons can be taken from some of the advanced approaches to 3D dermal models.…”

A Quantitative MALDI-MSI Study of the Movement of Molecules in Biological Systems

“…The scaffolds most commonly used are collagen and fibrin. The scaffold plays an important role since it recapitulates the in-vivo dermal extracellular matrix and allows cells to communicate with each other and form a differentiated epidermis; this process occurs after about two weeks, resembling the structure of the in-vivo skin epidermis (Macneil, 2007;Rademacher et al, 2018). Alternatively, keratinocytes can be cultured directly onto a human de-epidermised acellular dermis (DED) (Pruniéras, Régnier and Woodley, 1983;Ponec et al, 1988).…”

“…In light of these model. However, the high cost and technical challenge of this model represent the main drawbacks that hamper its wide spread use (Abaci et al, 2017;van den Broek et al, 2017;Rademacher et al, 2018;Sriram et al, 2018).…”