Skin Manifestations of HIV Infection in Children in Pediatric Services of Conakry University Hospital (Guinea)

Abstract

Introduction: Dermatological manifestations during HIV infection play a diagnostic and prognostic role. They are observed in 83% -98% of patients at the late stage of AIDS and 58% -75% at an early stage of AIDS. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of skin diseases in HIV in children, describes the demographic profile and identify key dermatoses. Material and methods: This was a prospective study of descriptive kind conducted from August 25, 2009 to February 25, 2010. It involved children infected with HIV followed in pediatric services at the University Hospital of Conakry. All children were examined by an experienced dermatologist. The diagnosis of dermatosis was made according to the clinical signs. The stages of HIV infection were determined according to the WHO classification. Each child received retroviral serology rapid tests according to national algorithm. Results: Among 119 HIV-positive children 65 showed mucocutaneous manifestations, there are 34 girls and 31 boys, all HIV-1 infected with 66.16% in stage III disease. The average age was 7 years, ranging from 11 months to 15 years. 66.15% of the children were from married mothers and more than half of the mothers were illiterate. They were all positive for HIV1. Oral candidiasis (38.46%), prurigo (29.23%) and molluscum contagiosum (7.69%) were the most common skin diseases; 52.31% had at least two associated dermatoses. The candidiasis-prurigo combination (26.47%) was the most common. Dermatosis was often associated with other conditions: malaria (30.76%), pulmonary tuberculosis (25.61%) and malnutrition (12.30%). Discussion: With 65 cases diagnosed in six months our study shows that skin diseases are common in HIV among children in Guinea. The prevalence and socio-demographic How to cite this paper: Soumah, M.M., 40 J. Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications characteristics are close to those reported by sub saharian and North African authors. A special feature of the study is that most mothers are illiterate and are infected with HIV, which would have favored the contamination of these children. Conclusion: In Sub-Saharan Africa where the rate of pediatric HIV infection is increasing, it is important to identify the mucocutaneous manifestations for optimal care.

Dermatological manifestations during HIV infection in children in Dakar, Senegal

“…Infectious dermatoses were the most observed in 67.5%. These results were consistent with previous works reported from tropical Africa [7][8][9]. Among infectious dermatoses, superficial mycosis represented the majority (47.37%).…”

“…Our study was particular by the high frequency of cutaneous manifestations in children infected with HIV at 40.5%. The high prevalence of skin diseases during HIV was also reported by several series in sub-Saharan Africa, Ethiopia, and Tanzania (Table 3) [6][7][8][9][10][11]. The average age of the children was sixty months, with their age ranging from 13 months to 120 months in 74.27%.…”

Mucocutaneous diseases in the combined antiretroviral therapy era: prevalence and spectrum in HIV seropositive children and adolescents in Durban, South Africa

“…The prevalence of scabies was within the 3.1-12% range seen in other studies in the cART era. 17,18,20 Nine (31.0%) out of the Inflammatory lesions were more prevalent than infections as corroborated by some studies in the cART era. 18,25 A study reported no change in the prevalence of primary complications of HIV as inflammatory disorders with cART use.…”

“…A higher proportion was of school age (6-15 years) (Table 1). Most previous similar studies had younger study populations below 16 years of age, [8][9][10][11][15][16][17][18][19][20] while one study was among adolescents only. 21 The duration of use of cART was adequate to determine its efficacy as the diagnosis of virological failure is viral load ≥1,000 copies/ml after 6 months of effective cART.…”

Patterns of common skin infections among children living with HIV/AIDS in Hawassa City, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study

“…Similar to our study, high prevalence of skin and mucocutaneous infections has been reported in Addis Ababa, 72.6% and 79% [6, 7], in Cameroon (68.8%) [10], in Nigeria (72%) [11], and India (67.06%) [9]. Nevertheless, the finding lower than studies from Tanzania (85%) [12], Zimbabwe 88% [13] and, India 93.7% [14] and (88.3%) [15] and higher than a study conducted in Guinea (54.62%) [16]. The variations might be due to the occurrence and pattern of skin infections vary from region to region since specific skin manifestation are common in certain regions of the world [17].…”