Skin irritation and inhalation toxicity of biocides evaluated with reconstructed human epidermis and airway models

Hwang, Jee Hyun; Jeong, Haengdueng; Jung, Ye on; Nam, Ki Taek; Lim, Kyung Min

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2021.112064

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Note. 1 Average before treatment, 2 Average after treatment, 3 Average variation, 4 Standard deviation, 5 Tempera on priming, 6 Tempera on chalk and glue, 7 Oil on priming, 8 Oil on chalk and glue. ns: non-significant;…”

Section: Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biotin R is a formulation characterised by iodiopropynylbutylcarbamate (IPCB) and n-octyl-isothiazolinone (OIT), dissolved in 2(2-butoxy-ethoxy) used at 3% in ligroin, petroleum essence or white spirit, while Biotin T is composed of OIT and a quaternary ammonium salt used at 3% in demineralised water, ethyl alcohol, or butyl acetate [2][3][4][5]. Chemicals generally used in these formulations can cause serious problems to ecosystem balance and human health such as mutagenicity (ability to induce genetic mutations), carcinogenicity (ability to induce cancer), teratogenicity (ability to induce abnormalities in embryonic development), and embryotoxicity (ability to induce toxic effects to the embryo), but also sensibilisation or allergic reactions against specific chemicals or additives [5][6][7]. In order to identify new cytocidal products with low environmental impact and high human safety, different research groups are turning their attention to the potential of both essential oils (EOs) and hydrolates (Hys) that are mixtures of natural substances obtained through the distillation of vegetable parts of aromatic plants [8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Il Silenzio: The First Renaissance Oil Painting on Canvas from the Uffizi Museum Restored with a Safe, Green Antimicrobial Emulsion Based on Citrus aurantium var. amara Hydrolate and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Essential Oil

Minotti

Vergari

Proto

et al. 2022

JoF

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Preserving artworks from the attacks of biodeteriogens is a primary duty of humanity. Nowadays, restorers use chemicals potentially dangerous for both artworks and human health. The purpose of this work was to find a green and safe formulation based on natural substances with fungicidal activity to restore ancient oil paintings, particularly “Il Silenzio” (by Jacopo Zucchi) preserved at the Uffizi Museum in Florence, Italy. The study was divided into two phases. First phase (in vitro study): three essential oils (EOs) and four hydrolates (Hys) were analysed by GC-mass spectrometry and in vitro tested against six ATCC strains of molds. An emulsion based on the more active natural compounds was tested on aged and unaged canvases samples to evaluate both their fungicidal activity and the impact on chemical-physical parameters. Finally, an in vivo toxicity test performed on the Galleria mellonella model assessed the safety for health. Second phase (in situ application): the emulsion was sprayed on the back of the painting and left to act for 24 h. Biodeteriogens present on the “Il Silenzio” painting were microbiologically identified before and after the treatment. The emulsion formulated with C. zeylanicum EO and C. aurantium var. amara Hy showed the best antifungal activity both in vitro and in situ without altering the chemical-physical characteristics of paintings. Furthermore, no in vivo toxicity was shown. For the first time, a green antimicrobial emulsion based on Hy and EO, safe for operators, was used to decontaminate an artwork colonised by fungi before the restoration practices.

show abstract

Section: Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Il Silenzio: The First Renaissance Oil Painting on Canvas from the Uffizi Museum Restored with a Safe, Green Antimicrobial Emulsion Based on Citrus aurantium var. amara Hydrolate and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Essential Oil

Minotti

Vergari

Proto

et al. 2022

JoF

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A limitation of this approach is that it poorly reflects realistic exposure on intact skin. More complex in vitro models exist using reconstructed skin, which have demonstrated a slight reduction in cell viability for exposure to 0.01% w / v ZnPT, with poor solubility limiting testing at the maximum commercial concentration of 2% w / v [ 151 ]. There is a clear need for in vitro models to better simulate in-use scenarios, particularly in terms of the formulations applied, as excipients are not inert as was once thought.…”

Section: Toxicity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Delivery of Zinc Pyrithione to Skin Epithelia

Mangion

Holmes

Roberts

2021

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Zinc pyrithione (ZnPT) is an anti-fungal drug delivered as a microparticle to skin epithelia. It is one of the most widely used ingredients worldwide in medicated shampoo for treating dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis (SD), a disorder with symptoms that include skin flaking, erythema and pruritus. SD is a multi-factorial disease driven by microbiol dysbiosis, primarily involving Malassezia yeast. Anti-fungal activity of ZnPT depends on the cutaneous availability of bioactive monomeric molecular species, occurring upon particle dissolution. The success of ZnPT as a topical therapeutic is underscored by the way it balances treatment efficacy with formulation safety. This review demonstrates how ZnPT achieves this balance, by integrating the current understanding of SD pathogenesis with an up-to-date analysis of ZnPT pharmacology, therapeutics and toxicology. ZnPT has anti-fungal activity with an average in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration of 10–15 ppm against the most abundant scalp skin Malassezia species (Malassezia globosa and Malassezia restrica). Efficacy is dependent on the targeted delivery of ZnPT to the skin sites where these yeasts reside, including the scalp surface and hair follicle infundibulum. Imaging and quantitative analysis tools have been fundamental for critically evaluating the therapeutic performance and safety of topical ZnPT formulations. Toxicologic investigations have focused on understanding the risk of local and systemic adverse effects following exposure from percutaneous penetration. Future research is expected to yield further advances in ZnPT formulations for SD and also include re-purposing towards a range of other dermatologic applications, which is likely to have significant clinical impact.

show abstract

“…Furthermore, it is highlighted that sensitization in addition to mutagenicity (ability to induce genetic mutations), carcinogenicity (ability to induce cancer), teratogenicity (ability to induce anomalies in embryonic development), and embryotoxicity (ability to induce toxic effects on the embryo) are the main toxic effects attributed to chemicals generally used in formulations for artwork restoration [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Mold Effectiveness of a Green Emulsion Based on Citrus aurantium Hydrolate and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Essential Oil for the Modern Paintings Restoration

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A modern painting is characterized by multi-material bases extremely exposed to biodeteriogenic attacks. The aim of this work was to test the antifungal effectiveness of a natural, eco-friendly, and safe emulsion based on Citrus aurantium L. var. amara hydrolate and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (from bark) essential oil, named “Zeylantium green emulsion” (Zege), on modern paintings. Colored unaged and aged canvas samples, performed with modern techniques (acrylic, vinylic and alkyd), were used to test in vitro both the antifungal effectiveness of Zege and its impact on the chemical–physical characteristics. Microbiological tests were performed according to the EUCAST international guidelines. pH measurements and colorimetric analysis were performed on unaged and aged canvases before and after Zege spray treatment. Finally, in situ tests were performed using the spray emulsion on canvas samples obtained from Ilaria Margutti’s modern artwork, which had been colonized by molds. Microbiological tests on canvas prototypes showed a time- and dose-dependent effectiveness of the Zege spray. None of the techniques underwent relevant changes in pH. Only the acrylic colors were unaffected in the colorimetric analysis, among all colored unaged or aged canvases. Tests made with modern artwork samples confirmed the in situ antifungal effectiveness. The Zege spray showed encouraging results in regard to the use of this formulation in the restoration of modern paintings.

show abstract

Skin irritation and inhalation toxicity of biocides evaluated with reconstructed human epidermis and airway models

Cited by 14 publications

References 31 publications

Il Silenzio: The First Renaissance Oil Painting on Canvas from the Uffizi Museum Restored with a Safe, Green Antimicrobial Emulsion Based on Citrus aurantium var. amara Hydrolate and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Essential Oil

Il Silenzio: The First Renaissance Oil Painting on Canvas from the Uffizi Museum Restored with a Safe, Green Antimicrobial Emulsion Based on Citrus aurantium var. amara Hydrolate and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Essential Oil

Targeted Delivery of Zinc Pyrithione to Skin Epithelia

Anti-Mold Effectiveness of a Green Emulsion Based on Citrus aurantium Hydrolate and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Essential Oil for the Modern Paintings Restoration

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About