Skin Irritation and Cancer in the U. S. Navy

Peller, Sigismund; Stephenson, Charles S.

doi:10.1097/00000441-193709000-00004

Cited by 80 publications

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“…A relationship between higher sun exposure and associated higher skin cancer rates but lower incidence of internal cancers was described in a study of US Navy personnel in 1937 (Peller and Stephenson, 1937). Apperly (1941) demonstrated that mortality from cancer was reduced at lower latitudes.…”

Section: Non-classical Effects Of Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 98%

Vitamin D: the light side of sunshine

2011

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Under normal circumstances, vitamin D is mainly obtained from skin through the action of ultraviolet B irradiation on 7-dehydrocholesterol. It is further metabolized to 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), the major circulating vitamin D compound, and then to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the hormonal form. The major function of vitamin D compounds is to enhance active absorption of ingested calcium (and phosphate). This assists in building bone at younger ages and ensures that despite obligatory urinary losses, bone does not need to be resorbed to maintain blood calcium concentrations. Vitamin D compounds appear to have direct effects to improve bone and muscle function, and there is good, although not entirely consistent, evidence that supplemental vitamin D and calcium together reduce falls and fractures in older individuals. On the basis of calcium control and musculoskeletal function, target levels for 25OHD in blood are at least 50-60 nmol/l and there may be a case for higher targets of 75-80 nmol/l. There are vitamin D receptors in most nucleated cells and some evidence, although not consistent, that adequate vitamin D levels may be important in reducing the incidence of, or mortality from, some cancers and in reducing autoimmune disease. Adequate vitamin D may also allow for a normal innate immune response to pathogens, improve cardiovascular function and mortality and increase insulin responsiveness. Vitamin D levels are maintained better in the presence of adequate calcium intakes, more exercise and less obesity. Genetic variation may have an effect on vitamin D blood levels and response to treatment with vitamin D.

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Section: Non-classical Effects Of Vitamin Dmentioning

confidence: 98%

Vitamin D: the light side of sunshine

2011

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“…RCT giving higher doses of vitamin D than used previously are required to resolve the current uncertainty. showing that a range of cancers were associated with sunlight exposure and latitude (46,47) .…”

Section: Fracturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D and public health: an overview of recent research on common diseases and mortality in adulthood

Scragg

2011

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: There is increasing interest in vitamin D and its possible health effects. The aims of the present overview are to summarise the research on common diseases for which there is substantial evidence on vitamin D, identify diseases where vitamin D may be beneficial and discuss the public health implications of these findings. Conclusions: Cohort studies show that baseline 25(OH)D levels predict increased risk of fractures, colorectal cancer, CVD and all-cause mortality. These associations are weak and could be explained by confounding variables such as obesity and physical activity. Because of their potential public health significance, RCT using vitamin D doses $50 mg/d are required to determine whether vitamin D protects against these diseases.

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“…B ASED ON OBSERVATIONS of higher rates of skin cancer but lower rates of other malignancies in United States Navy personnel in the 1930s, Peller and Stephenson (1) hypothesized that acquiring skin cancer conferred some immunity against other cancers. Several years later, Apperly (2) found an inverse association between latitude and cancer mortality rate and stated that "The presence of skin cancer is really an occasional accompaniment of a relative cancer immunity in some way related to the exposure to solar radiation."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiological Evidence for Vitamin D and Colorectal Cancer

Giovannucci¹

2007

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Since Garland and Garland formulated the hypothesis that vitamin D may protect against colorectal cancer in 1980, various epidemiological approaches have been undertaken to evaluate this hypothesis. These approaches include studies based on regional solar UVB radiation, plasma-or serum-based studies, dietary studies, and those examining multiple factors that influence vitamin D status. Studies over the past several decades have tended to support that higher levels of vitamin D may decrease risk of colorectal cancer. An important implication is that current recommended dietary intakes such as 200-400 IU/d may be too low to exert appreciable benefits. To substantially reduce risk, higher levels of vitamin D associated with sunshine exposure or considerably higher intakes may be required. Recent studies also suggest a potential benefit of vitamin D on other digestive system cancers. One study suggested that a better vitamin D status at the time of diagnosis and treatment, as indicated by season of diagnosis, may improve survival from colorectal cancer. Darker-skinned individuals who tend to make less vitamin D may be at particularly high risk for digestive system cancer. The strong biological evidence for a protective role of vitamin D supports the epidemiological data. More study is needed to determine the optimal levels and intakes of this vitamin to optimally reduce colorectal cancer risk.

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Skin Irritation and Cancer in the U. S. Navy

Cited by 80 publications

References 0 publications

Vitamin D: the light side of sunshine

Vitamin D: the light side of sunshine

Vitamin D and public health: an overview of recent research on common diseases and mortality in adulthood

Epidemiological Evidence for Vitamin D and Colorectal Cancer

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