Skin injuries afflicting three oil workers following contact with calcium bromide and/or calcium chloride

Saeed, Waleed; Distante, S; Holmes, John; Kolhe, P.S.

doi:10.1016/s0305-4179(97)00040-5

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…4 Another report describes skin necrosis caused by contact with concentrated calcium chloride solution in three American oil workers. 5 Zackheim and Pinkus also reported skin necrosis after contact with dry calcium chloride powder, possibly because of the moisture on the skin. 6 Skin necrosis after parathyroidectomy has also been reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Skin Necrosis After Intravenous Calcium Chloride Administration as a Complication of Parathyroidectomy for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: Report of Four Cases

et al. 2007

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Intravenous (i.v.) calcium chloride is usually given to treat symptomatic hypocalcemia; however, the extravasation of calcium solution may cause soft tissue and skin necrosis. After parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation for secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with end-stage renal failure, i.v. calcium infusion is often necessary to treat severe postoperative hypocalcemia. We reviewed 371 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism between January 2000 and June 2005, 96 of whom received i.v. calcium postoperatively for symptomatic hypocalcemia. We report the cases of three (3%) of our own patients and of one patient referred to our hospital, who suffered skin necrosis after i.v. calcium solution administration. These reports show that i.v. calcium should be administered into large veins, or via a central line, and diluted in an appropriate volume of solution. Moreover, the calcium solution infusion should be ceased if the patient complains of tenderness over the injection site. If skin necrosis develops, we suggest early debridement and a simple split thickness skin graft to repair the skin defect. We report our experience to remind surgeons of the danger of calcium chloride injection and to discuss ways of preventing and treating this complication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Skin Necrosis After Intravenous Calcium Chloride Administration as a Complication of Parathyroidectomy for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: Report of Four Cases

et al. 2007

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“…The median oil mist and MUD Fe air concentration that the drill floor workers were exposed to were 0.18 mg/m 3 and 0.14 mg/m 3 , respectively. Some mud components are known irritants to skin and eyes while many drilling muds are alkaline solutions [9,26]. Thus, air exposure to these components have the potential to induce pulmonary effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pneumoproteins in Offshore Drill Floor Workers

Kirkhus

Ulvestad

Barregård

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The aim was to assess pneumoproteins and a certain biomarker of systemic inflammation in drill floor workers exposed to airborne contaminants generated during drilling offshore, taking into consideration serum biomarkers of smoking, such as nicotine (S-Nico) and cotinine. Blood samples of club cell protein 16 (CC-16), surfactant protein D (SP-D) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were collected before and after a 14-day work period from 65 drill floor workers and 65 referents. Air samples of oil mist, drilling mud components and elemental carbon were collected in person. The drill floor workers were exposed to a median air concentration of 0.18 mg/m3 of oil mist and 0.14 mg/m3 of airborne mud particles. There were no differences in the concentrations of CC-16 and SP-D across the 14-day work period and no difference between drill floor workers and referents at baseline after adjusting for differences in sampling time and smoking. CRP decreased across the work period. There was a strong association between the CC-16 concentrations and the time of sampling. Current smokers with S-Nico > detection limit (DL) had a statistically significantly lower CC-16 concentration, while smokers with S-Nico <DL had CC-16 concentrations similar to that of the non-smokers. Fourteen days of work offshore had no effect on serum pneumoprotein and CRP concentrations. However, the time of blood sampling was observed to have a strong effect on the measured concentrations of CC-16. The effect of current smoking on the CC-16 concentrations appears to be dependent on the S-Nico concentrations.

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“…The drill floor workers were also exposed to mud components other than oil (median 0.14 mg/m 3 ). Some mud components are known irritants to the skin and eyes, and both oil-based and water-based muds are alkaline solutions (Hansen et al 1991 ; Saeed et al 1997 ). The process of drilling consists of different phases, and one of the involved drilling companies has estimated that the mud pumps run for approximately 25% of the time during drilling operations (personal information).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary function and high-resolution computed tomography examinations among offshore drill floor workers

Kirkhus

Skare

Ulvestad

et al. 2017

Int Arch Occup Environ Health

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PurposeThe aim of this study was to assess short-term changes in pulmonary function in drill floor workers currently exposed to airborne contaminants generated as a result of drilling offshore. We also aimed to study the prevalence of pulmonary fibrosis using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans of another group of previously exposed drill floor workers.MethodsPulmonary function was measured before and after a 14-day work period in a follow-up study of 65 drill floor workers and 65 referents. Additionally, 57 other drill floor workers exposed to drilling fluids during the 1980s were examined with HRCT of the lungs in a cross-sectional study.ResultsThe drill floor workers had a statistically significant decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) across the 14-day work period after adjustment for diurnal variations in pulmonary function (mean 90 mL, range 30–140 mL), while the small decline among the referents (mean 20 mL, range − 30 to 70 mL) was not of statistical significance. Larger declines in FEV1 among drill workers were associated with the fewer number of days of active drilling. There were no signs of pulmonary fibrosis related to oil mist exposure among the other previously exposed drill floor workers.ConclusionAfter 14 days offshore, a statistically significant decline in FEV1 was observed in the drill floor workers, which may not be related to oil mist exposure. No pulmonary fibrosis related to oil mist exposure was observed.

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Skin injuries afflicting three oil workers following contact with calcium bromide and/or calcium chloride

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Skin Necrosis After Intravenous Calcium Chloride Administration as a Complication of Parathyroidectomy for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: Report of Four Cases

Skin Necrosis After Intravenous Calcium Chloride Administration as a Complication of Parathyroidectomy for Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: Report of Four Cases

Pneumoproteins in Offshore Drill Floor Workers

Pulmonary function and high-resolution computed tomography examinations among offshore drill floor workers

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