Skin Improvement of the Composition Containing Nano-exosome Derived from Aloe vera Bark Callus as New Type of Transdermal Delivery System

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to extract nano-exosomes from <i>Aloe vera</i> bark callus and validate their effects on collagen synthesis and skin corneous improvement.Methods: Human dermal fibroblast (HDF) was used to validate collagen synthesis, while HaCaT cells, a human keratin cell line, were used to verify absorption capability. The Folin–Denis technique was used to determine the polyphenol content. In addition, lotion formulations and skin application experiments were also carried out.Results: Nano-exosomes with size ranging 50–150 nm were successfully isolated from Aloe vera bark callus (alosomes). Alosomes produced 22.11% more collagen in HDF than Aloe vera bark extract at 1.0% concentration. In the cytotoxicity test, 80% of cells were survived at concentrations of 1% or less. After one hour, a considerable quantity was transported into the cytoplasm of HaCaT cells. The polyphenol concentration was four times that of Aloe vera bark extract. Skin tests using alosome-containing lotion demonstrated that skin surface, hydration, and elasticity were improved after 4 weeks. Moisture contents of the stratum corneum and dermis layer were improved, whereas moisture content of corneous was reduced after 4 weeks.Conclusion: The skin-improving effect of nano-exosomes derived from <i>Aloe vera</i> bark callus is shown in this study, indicating its potential as a functional cosmetic raw material.