Skin Graft Preservation

Ge, Liang; Huang, Zhenggen; Wei, Hong

doi:10.5772/23084

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Conversely, both the permeability and the lag time of hydrophobic drugs were significantly affected by skin freezing (Barbero and Frasch, 2009;Ahlstrom et al, 2007). The use of a cryoprotectant agent such as 10% glycerol was previously suggested (Liangpeng et al, 2011;Bravo et al, 2000;Richters et al, 1996) in order to avoid ice crystal formation and maintain the skin barrier function. However, there is no consensus yet about the use of a skin cryoprotectant agent and the storage time of frozen skin used for in vitro permeation/penetration studies (Petrilli et al, 2016;Estracanholli et al, 2014;Liangpeng et al, 2011;Barbero and Frasch, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of critical parameters for in vitro skin permeation and penetration studies using animal skin models

Praça

Medina

Eloy

et al. 2018

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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In vitro skin permeation/penetration studies may be affected by many sources of variation. Herein, we aimed to investigate the major critical procedures of in vitro skin delivery studies. These experiments were performed with model drugs according to official guidelines. The influence of skin source on penetration studies was studied as well as the use of a cryopreservation agent on skin freezing evaluated by transepidermal water loss, electrical resistance, permeation/penetration profiles and histological changes of the skin. The best condition for tape stripping procedure was validated through the evaluation of the distribution of corneocytes, mass of stratum corneum (SC) removed and amount of protein removed using finger pressure, a 2kg weight and a roller. The interchangeability of the tape stripping procedures followed by the epidermis and dermis homogenate and the micrometric horizontal cryostat skin sectioning methods were also investigated, besides the effect of different formulations. Noteworthy, different skin sources were able to ensure reliable interchangeability for in vitro permeation studies. Furthermore, an increased penetration was obtained for stored frozen skin compared to fresh skin, even with the addition of a cryoprotectant agent. The best method for tape stripping was the finger pressure followed by the addition of a propylene glycol solvent leading to better SC removal. Finally, no significant difference was found in skin penetration studies performed by different methods suggesting their possible interchangeability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of critical parameters for in vitro skin permeation and penetration studies using animal skin models

Praça

Medina

Eloy

et al. 2018

European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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“…The current study findings showed that a large proportion of the participants, 5,604 (65.8%), were not aware of the skin graft preservation time frame. Only 694 (8.2%) participants knew that skin can be preserved for 7-8 days, and it was found in the literature that the maximum preservation times indicated were 7-8 days [ 21 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Public Perception and Attitude Toward Skin Donation in Saudi Arabia

AlShammrie¹,

Aloufi²,

Aldharman³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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BackgroundThe skin is the largest organ of the body. Burns are important health issues that significantly affect a variety of population groups. Skin grafting is still regarded as the gold standard in surgical burn treatment. The availability of skin for grafting is one of the main challenges in burn surgical therapies. Thus, this study aimed to assess the public perception and attitude regarding skin donation in Saudi Arabia. MethodThe study was a cross-sectional study that included the general population in Saudi Arabia (≥ 18 years old). A self-administered survey was distributed online. Statistical analysis was carried out using RStudio (R version 4.1.1). Categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentages, while continuous data were expressed as the median and interquartile range (IQR). ResultsA total of 8515 were included in the study. Most participants (71.5%) were females. Among the respondents, 64.9% were between the ages of 18 and 30. Females had a higher knowledge level of skin graft donation compared to males. Participants aged >30 years had lower knowledge levels compared to younger participants. Lower knowledge scores were also observed among married, widows, as well as uneducated participants. Five thousand two hundred and seven (61.1%) participants support skin donation. The most reported barrier to skin donation was religious reasons (52.4%), while the main motives for supporting skin donation were humane-related factors (73.2%). The influence of close relatives on participants' decisions to donate was evident in 52.6% of the instances. ConclusionIt was found that most participants support skin donation in Saudi Arabia. Religious reasons were the most common hindering factors against skin donation. Females and young-aged groups were found to have a higher knowledge level. Further studies are recommended to shed light on this subject allowing for appropriate solutions implantation.

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“…Finally, there is no consensus on the use of an ideal cryoprotectant for skin preservation or the optimal storage time/conditionsfor frozen skin used for in vitro drug permeation/penetration studies. ( 69 ) To overcome these individual limitations with animal or human skin, and to optimize testing of the topical MPA delivery parameters, our study combined in vitro and in vivo evaluation of efficacy and safety of topical MPA for skin applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycophenolic Acid for Topical Immunosuppression in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: Optimizing Formulation and Preliminary Evaluation of Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics

et al. 2018

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Mycophenolic acid (MPA), is the active form of the ester prodrug mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). MMF is an FDA approved immunosuppressive drug that has been successfully used in systemic therapy in combination with other agents for the prevention of acute rejection (AR) following solid organ transplantation (SOT) as well as in vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA). Systemic use of MMF is associated with gastrointestinal adverse effects. Topical delivery of the prodrug could thus provide graft-targeted immunosuppression while minimizing systemic drug exposure. Our goal was to develop a topical formulation of MPA with optimal in vitro/in vivo characteristics such as release, permeation, and tissue bioavailability to enable safety and efficacy evaluation in clinical VCA.Permeation studies were performed with a solution of MPA (10 mg/ml). In vitro release and permeation studies were performed for different semisolid formulations (Aladerm, Lipoderm, emollient, and VersaBase) of MPA (1% w/w) using a Franz Diffusion Cell System (FDCS). In vivo pharmacokinetic characterization of MPA release from Lipoderm was performed in rats.MPA in solution exhibited a steady state flux (3.8 ± 0.1 µg/cm2/h) and permeability (1.1 × 10−7 ± 3.2 × 10−9 cm/s). MPA in Lipoderm exhibited a steady state flux of 1.12 ± 0.24 µg/cm2/h, and permeability of 6.2 × 10−09 ± 1.3 × 10−9 cm/s across the biomimetic membrane. The cumulative release of MPA from Lipoderm, showed a linear single-phase profile with a R2 of 0.969. In vivo studies with MPA in Lipoderm showed markedly higher local tissue MPA levels and lower systemic MPA exposure as compared to values obtained after intravenous delivery of the same dose of drug (p < 0.05).We successfully developed for the first time, a topical formulation of MPA in Lipoderm with optimal in vitro/in vivo permeability characteristics and no undesirable local or systemic adverse effects in vivo. Our study provides key preliminary groundwork for translational efficacy studies of topical MPA in pre-clinical large animal VCA models and for effectiveness evaluation in patients receiving VCA.

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Skin Graft Preservation

Cited by 8 publications

References 66 publications

Evaluation of critical parameters for in vitro skin permeation and penetration studies using animal skin models

Evaluation of critical parameters for in vitro skin permeation and penetration studies using animal skin models

Assessment of Public Perception and Attitude Toward Skin Donation in Saudi Arabia

Mycophenolic Acid for Topical Immunosuppression in Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation: Optimizing Formulation and Preliminary Evaluation of Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics

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