Skin function and skin disorders in Parkinson’s disease

Abstract

Cutaneous symptoms (seborrhoea and hyperhidrosis) in Parkinson's disease were investigated. In 70 treated patients with Parkinson's disease and 22 control subjects, non-invasive bioengineering methods (sebumetry, corneometry, pH) were carried out on the forehead, sternum and forearm. In addition, concomitant dermatoses and medication were recorded. 18.6% of the patients had seborrhoea on the forehead (>220 microg/cm2), 51.4% showed normal sebum values (100-220 microg/cm2) and 30% a sebostasis (<100 microg/cm2). Males has significantly higher sebum values than females. No relationship between the seborrhoea and the therapy for Morbus Parkinson was found. Patients with hyperhidrosis (n = 36) had significantly lower pH values (p < 0.05) on the forehead than those without hyperhidrosis. 22 patients (31.9%) reported a cold/hot flush and a further 13 (18.8%) had clinical rosacea. Seborrhoea is rare in treated Parkinsonian patients but hyperhidrosis is frequently found. Furthermore, a particular lack of vasostability (flush) appears to be an autonomic dysregulation in the skin related to Morbus Parkinson, which has not been studied to any extent to date.

Assessment of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: The SCOPA‐AUT

“…3,4 Other authors have shown that even minimal levels of voluntary activation of the target muscle significantly reduce the degree of inhibition produced by subthreshold conditioning stimuli delivered at ISIs between 1 and 6 msec. [5][6][7] This finding is probably due to reduced excitability of the inhibitory interneurons that project to the corticospinal neurons responsible for activation of the target muscle. 5 Recently, Fisher and colleagues (2002) demonstrated that the short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) produced with an ISI of 1 msec is functionally distinct from that produced with an ISI of 2 to 3 msec.…”

“…[5][6][7] This finding is probably due to reduced excitability of the inhibitory interneurons that project to the corticospinal neurons responsible for activation of the target muscle. 5 Recently, Fisher and colleagues (2002) demonstrated that the short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) produced with an ISI of 1 msec is functionally distinct from that produced with an ISI of 2 to 3 msec. When the ISI is set to 2.5 msec, the threshold conditioning stimulus intensity that produces inhibition is approximately 56% RTh, and inhibition is completely abolished by voluntary activation of the target muscle.…”

Skin Erosion over Implants in Deep Brain Stimulation Patients

“…In fact, scalp thickness has been reported as a factor in the development of infection and/or erosion complications [4,12] , and previous work has found that the skin of PD patients can thicken [17] . Furthermore, PD patients are more likely to have skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases [18,19] .…”

Sweating dysfunctions in Parkinson’s disease

“…However, hypohidrosis was frequently found in patients having autonomic findings such as orthostatic hypotension or impotence [5,6,12,16,29]. As for hyperhidrosis, the autonomic findings such as orthostatic hypotension, increased salivary secretion, a feeling of hyperthermia, and edema of a lower limb were found more frequently in those with hyperhidrosis than in those without hyperhidrosis in our report [5].…”

“…There is only one report in which is not a clinical symptom in any patient [8], but many reports indicate that a sweating disturbance occurs from 30 % to 50 % of patients with Parkinson's disease [5,6,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. The report that listed hyperhidrosis and hypohidrosis in separately found that hyperhidrosis varies from 10 % to 100 %, while hypohidrosis is present from 0 % to 40 % of patients.…”