Skin color as a predictor of mental health in young Latinx children

Calzada, Esther J.; Kim, Yeonwoo; O’Gara, Jaimie L.

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112467

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Systemic racism can also indirectly impair parents’ ability to rear their children in safe neighborhoods and have access to good schools, clear air and water, and health care that may have an impact on their physical health (Iceland and Hernandez 2016). Children targeted by racism are more likely to be depressed, anxious, exhibit behavior problems, and have lower self-esteem, which affects learning and their outcomes in adulthood (Calzada, Kim, and O’Gara 2019; Levy et al 2016). Both experiencing racism and parenting children who have experienced racism can be stressful, emotionally taxing, and can exhaust already limited resources, which can undermine parents’ ability to interact with children positively and consistently.…”

Section: Parenting In Context: Risk and Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Parenting Contributions to Latinx Children’s Development in the Early Years

Cabrera¹,

Alonso²,

Chen³

2021

The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Scie

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Despite comparatively high levels of poverty, Latinx parents, on average, provide their children with early home experiences that promote development at rates that at least equal that of other demographic groups. From a strength-based perspective, we describe the demographic heterogeneity among Latinx children during early childhood (zero to eight years), given that these years are critical for later development. We then discuss the individual- and family-level factors that promote positive outcomes in Latinx children despite the presence of economic and social stressors. We synthesize these findings to generate policy recommendations that support Latinx families and children by addressing their specific needs and building on the strengths they already possess.

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Section: Parenting In Context: Risk and Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Parenting Contributions to Latinx Children’s Development in the Early Years

Cabrera¹,

Alonso²,

Chen³

2021

The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Scie

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“…Specifically, higher levels of foreigner stress were related to greater delinquent behaviors among Mexican‐origin youth, but this relation was only among youth with darker skin color (not among youth with a lighter skin color). Indeed, Mexican‐origin individuals in the US face racialized xenophobia where they are perpetually stereotyped as foreign and inferior (Zou & Cheryan, 2017), and these stressors have been found to negatively impact their adjustment (Calzada et al., 2019). For instance, perceived discrimination, which included xenophobic experiences specific to migrant children, has been linked to increased levels of delinquency among migrant and immigrant youth (Li & Xia, 2018; Walsh, Fogel‐Grinvald, & Shneider, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As for colorism and adolescents’ adjustment, darker skin color has been linked to indices of adolescents’ well‐being, including greater depressive symptoms (Louie, 2020), lower self‐esteem (Landor, Gordon Simons, Granberg, & Melby, 2019), and greater externalizing behaviors, such as aggression (Calzada et al., 2019) and violence (Ryabov, 2017). Thus, the role of skin color in these adjustment outcomes may be a result of a traumatic stress response to colorist incidents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, different skin colors are assigned different values through differentially allocated life chances and psychological consequences (Montalvo & Codina, 2001). Darker skin puts youth at greater risk of poverty and residential segregation (Relethford, Stern, Gaskill, & Hazuda, 1983), physical and mental health problems (Calzada, Kim, & O'Gara, 2019; Perreira, Wassink, & Harris, 2019), educational and career challenges (Kim & Calzada, 2019; Ryabov & Goza, 2014), acculturation struggles (Montalvo & Codina, 2001), and discrimination (Bozo, Revels‐Macalinao, & Huynh, 2018). In addition, skin color–related oppressions also function in subtle symbolic forms, including lower educational and career expectations from teachers, racially biased testing and tracking procedures, and much harsher and more frequent punishment for the same behavior than White youth (Ogbu, 1991).…”

Section: Interlocking Systems Of Oppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Phenotypic, Psychological, and Social Interplays of Skin Color and Developmental Outcomes among Mexican‐origin Adolescents

Jun¹,

Yan

Osman

et al. 2021

J of Research on Adolesc

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Mexican‐origin children from immigrant families are impacted by various systemic oppressions in life. The study seeks to examine how adolescents’ developmental outcomes are associated with specific phenotypic, psychological, and social features of skin color, as manifested by skin tone, skin color satisfaction, and foreigner stress. By taking a holistic approach, we examine both positive and negative adjustment outcomes, including delinquency, resilience, and effortful control. Participants were 604 Mexican‐origin adolescents aged between 11.08 and 15.29 (Mage = 12.91, SD = 0.92) with at least one immigrant parent. The findings highlight the harm of foreigner stress and the benefit of skin color satisfaction in Mexican‐origin adolescents’ development of delinquency, resilience, and effortful control, especially for those with a darker skin color.

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“…Hispanic youth with darker skin tones or who are Black have higher rates of internalizing and externalizing problems than those with lighter skin tones (Calzada, Kim, and O'Gara 2019). Darker-toned Hispanic youth are also more likely to be punished, suspended, and expelled from school, and are more likely to come into contact with the criminal justice system as adolescents (Calzada, Kim, and O'Gara 2019).…”

Section: Social Positionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Health of Hispanic Children from Birth to Emerging Adulthood

Perreira¹,

Allen²

2021

The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Scie

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This article summarizes frameworks for understanding Hispanic children’s health, sources of national data available to evaluate their health, and variations in health among Hispanic children. Following ecological and life-course perspectives, we organize our review of the literature on Hispanic children’s health and development according to three key stages of child development (zero to three, early to middle childhood, and adolescence to emerging adulthood) with attention to how each stage influences the next. Within each stage, we consider how social position (i.e., skin color, social class, gender, and nativity), social contexts (i.e., family, school, and neighborhood), and political and legal contexts influence Hispanic children’s health and development. We argue that to improve the health and development of Hispanic children, federal, state, and local policies must address social and economic injustices that lead to declines in health across immigrant generations and persistent racial/ethnic health disparities.

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Skin color as a predictor of mental health in young Latinx children

Cited by 23 publications

References 80 publications

Parenting Contributions to Latinx Children’s Development in the Early Years

Parenting Contributions to Latinx Children’s Development in the Early Years

The Phenotypic, Psychological, and Social Interplays of Skin Color and Developmental Outcomes among Mexican‐origin Adolescents

The Health of Hispanic Children from Birth to Emerging Adulthood

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