Skin cancer in heart transplant recipients: frequency and risk factor analysis

Fortina, Anna Belloni; Caforio, Alida L.P.; Piaserico, Stefano; Alaibac, Mauro; Tona, Francesco; Feltrin, Giuseppe; Livi, Ugolino; Peserico, Andrea

doi:10.1016/s1053-2498(99)00137-0

Cited by 112 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that immune surveillance plays an important role in the prevention of the generation and maintenance of neoplastic cells [14]. The incidence of skin cancers, especially squamous cell carcinomas, is also elevated among organ transplant recipients [15][16][17][18]. Studies of 2,561 kidney and heart transplant recipients indicated a 66-fold higher risk of squamous cell carcinoma than the risk in the general population [19,20].…”

Section: Uv Radiation and Immune Suppressionsupporting

confidence: 84%

UV-induced immune suppression and photocarcinogenesis: Chemoprevention by dietary botanical agents

Katiyar¹

2007

Cancer Letters

129

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Studies of immune-suppressed transplant recipients and patients with biopsy-proven skin cancer have confirmed that ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced immune suppression is a risk factor for the development of skin cancer in humans. UV radiation suppresses the immune system in several ways. The UVB spectrum inhibits antigen presentation, induces the release of immunosuppressive cytokines, and elicits DNA damage that is a molecular trigger of UV-mediated immunosuppression. It is therefore important to elucidate the mechanisms underlying UV-induced immunosuppression as a basis for developing strategies to protect individuals from this effect and subsequent development of skin cancer. Dietary botanicals are of particular interest as they have been shown to inhibit UVinduced immune suppression and photocarcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the most recent investigations and mechanistic studies regarding the photoprotective efficacy of selected dietary agents, including, green tea polyphenols, grape seed proanthocyanidins and silymarin. We present evidence that these chemopreventive agents prevent UVB-induced immunosuppression and photocarcinogenesis through: (i) The induction of immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-12; (ii) IL-12-dependent DNA repair; and (iii) Stimulation of cytotoxic T cells in the tumor microenvironment. The new information regarding the mechanisms of action of these agents supports their potential use as adjuncts in the prevention of photocarcinogenesis.

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Section: Uv Radiation and Immune Suppressionsupporting

confidence: 84%

UV-induced immune suppression and photocarcinogenesis: Chemoprevention by dietary botanical agents

Katiyar¹

2007

Cancer Letters

129

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“…This observation supports the evidence that immune surveillance is an important mechanism designed to prevent the generation and maintenance of neoplastic cells (73). The incidence of skin cancers, particularly squamous cell carcinomas, is also increased among organ transplant recipients (74)(75)(76)(77). These studies provide evidence in support of the concept that immune suppression promotes the risk of skin cancer development.…”

Section: Anti-inflammatory Effects Of Silymarinsupporting

confidence: 76%

Molecular mechanisms of inhibition of photocarcinogenesis by silymarin, a phytochemical from milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) (Review)

Vaid

Katiyar²

2010

Int J Oncol

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Abstract. Changes in life style over the past several decades including much of the time spent outdoors and the use of tanning devices for cosmetic purposes by individuals have led to an increase in the incidence of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced skin diseases including the risk of skin cancers. Solar UV radiations are considered as the most prevalent environmental carcinogens, and chronic exposure of the skin to UV leads to squamous and basal cell carcinoma and melanoma in human population. A wide variety of phytochemicals have been reported to have substantial anticarcinogenic activity because of their antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. Silymarin is one of them and extensively studied for its skin photoprotective capabilities. Silymarin, a flavanolignan, is extracted from the fruits and seeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.), and has been shown to have chemopreventive effects against photocarcinogenesis in mouse tumor models. Topical treatment of silymarin inhibited photocarcinogenesis in mice in terms of tumor incidence, tumor multiplicity and growth of the tumors. Wide range of in vivo mechanistic studies conducted in a variety of mouse models indicated that silymarin has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties which led to the prevention of photocarcinogenesis in mice. This review summarizes and updates the photoprotective potential of silymarin with the particular emphasis on its in vivo mechanism of actions. It is suggested that silymarin may favorably supplement sunscreen protection, and may be useful for skin diseases associated with solar UV radiation-induced inflammation, oxidative stress and immunomodulatory effects.

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“…Nonmelanoma skin cancers, especially SCC, are dramatically increased in immunosuppressed populations, such as transplant recipients (1,4,9,48), HIV/AIDS patients (6,49,50), cancer patients (5,51-54) and patients with autoimmune diseases (55)(56)(57)(58). Organ transplant recipients have the highest risk for developing nonmelanoma skin cancers, and skin cancers in these patients demonstrate more aggressive characteristics than skin cancers in nontransplant recipients, including early dermal invasion, an infiltrative growth pattern and greater depth of invasion at diagnosis (59).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinically Relevant Immunosuppressants Influence UVB-Induced Tumor Size Through Effects on Inflammation and Angiogenesis

Duncan¹,

Wulff²,

Tober³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Transplantation

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Immunosuppressive therapies allow long-term patient and transplant survival, but are associated with increased development of UV-induced skin cancers, particularly squamous cell carcinomas. The mechanisms by which CsA, MMF, tacrolimus (TAC) or sirolimus (SRL), alone or in dual combinations, influence tumor development and progression are not completely understood. In the current study, chronically UV-exposed mice treated with SRL alone or in combination with CsA or TAC developed more tumors than mice treated with vehicle or other immunosuppressants, but the tumors were significantly smaller and less advanced. Mice treated with CsA or TAC developed significantly larger tumors than vehicle-treated mice, and a larger percentage in the CsA group were malignant. The addition of MMF to CsA, but not to TAC, significantly reduced tumor size. Immunosuppressant effects on UVB-induced inflammation and tumor angiogenesis may explain these findings. CsA enhanced both UVBinduced inflammation and tumor blood vessel density, while MMF reduced inflammation. Addition of MMF to CsA reduced tumor size and vascularity. SRL did not affect inflammation, but significantly reduced tumor vascularity. Thus the choice of immunosuppressants has important implications for tumor number, size and progression, likely due to the influence of immunosuppressants on UVB-induced inflammation and angiogenesis. † These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Skin cancer in heart transplant recipients: frequency and risk factor analysis

Cited by 112 publications

References 34 publications

UV-induced immune suppression and photocarcinogenesis: Chemoprevention by dietary botanical agents

UV-induced immune suppression and photocarcinogenesis: Chemoprevention by dietary botanical agents

Molecular mechanisms of inhibition of photocarcinogenesis by silymarin, a phytochemical from milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) (Review)

Clinically Relevant Immunosuppressants Influence UVB-Induced Tumor Size Through Effects on Inflammation and Angiogenesis

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