Skin Burns

Abraham, John; Plourde, Brian D.; Vallez, Lauren; Nelson-Cheeseman, Brittany B.; Stark, John R.; Sparrow, E. M.; Gorman, John M

doi:10.1002/9781119127420.ch33

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Skin burns from infrared radiation from heat lamps and pulsed lasers (and other heat sources) been extensively studied [32]. The following is based on a review by Wright [33] and modeling studies by Abraham et al [34].…”

Section: Burnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Thermal Responses of Skin to Pulsed Millimeter Waves

et al. 2020

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This study examines thermal responses of skin to pulsed millimeter wave (mm-wave) radiofrequency (RF) radiation. We review limits for pulse fluence in the IEEE Std. C95.1-2019 and the 2020 guideline of the International Commission on Nonionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), as well as the recently reaffirmed guidelines of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC). The study employs a simple one-dimensional thermal model for skin and Pennes' bioheat equation (BHTE). The predicted temperature increases produced by 3-sec pulses at 94 GHz agree well with previous experimental results with no adjustable parameters in the model, and the anticipated threshold of cutaneous thermal pain and burns are consistent with the scant available data for pulsed mm-waves, as well as a larger body of data on thermal hazards from pulsed infrared radiation. The model suggests that the implicit limits on pulse fluence in present FCC guidelines might allow, in extreme (and, in practice, unrealistic) cases, transient increases in skin temperature that can approach thresholds for thermal pain but well below those anticipated to cause thermal damage. Limits on pulse fluence in the current IEEE and ICNIRP exposure guidelines would preclude such effects. For realistic exposures from wireless and other technologies that transmit pulsed RF energy that comply with time-averaged exposure limits, the pulse fluence is far too low to produce hazardous thermal transients in skin. A thermal analysis of FCC's proposed "device-based time averaging" shows that the resulting limits on device emissions will result in thermal transients in skin that are roughly an order of magnitude below much slower increases in temperature due to time-averaged exposure. An appendix discusses the applicability of two approximations to the bioheat equation that can be used to estimate temperature increases in skin from exposure to mm-waves.

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Section: Burnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient Thermal Responses of Skin to Pulsed Millimeter Waves

et al. 2020

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“…There is also a risk of frostbite on cooled surfaces. According to the available literature, the optimal temperature for cooling a burn injury is 10–20 °C [ 46 ].…”

Section: Treatment Of Patients After Thermal Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Burns: Classification, Pathophysiology, and Treatment: A Review

Żwierełło

Piorun²,

Skórka-Majewicz

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Burns and their treatment are a significant medical problem. The loss of the physical barrier function of the skin opens the door to microbial invasion and can lead to infection. The repair process of the damage caused by the burn is impaired due to the enhanced loss of fluids and minerals through the burn wound, the onset of hypermetabolism with the concomitant disruption of nutrient supply, and derangements in the endocrine system. In addition, the initiated inflammatory and free radical processes drive the progression of oxidative stress, the inhibition of which largely depends on an adequate supply of antioxidants and minerals. Clinical experience and research provide more and more data to make the treatment of patients with thermal injury increasingly effective. The publication discusses disorders occurring in patients after thermal injury and the methods used at various stages of treatment.

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“…Health care professionals often classify burns into first, second, third, and fourth-degree burns, depending on the depth of tissue damage (4). The extent of burn coverage is usually assessed using the rule of nines, although this measurement varies according to age and anatomical differences among individuals; burns covering less than 10% TBSA are considered minor, whereas those covering more than 10% are deemed major (5). The prevalence of pediatric burn survivors is notably higher in developing countries compared to developed ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges Faced by Parents of Pediatric Burn Survivors: A Thematic Analysis

Khan,

Ali,

Mohammad

et al. 2024

JHRR

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Background: Burn injuries compromise the integrity of skin, its appendages, and underlying tissues due to exposure to various agents including dry and moist heat, corrosive substances, and high voltage electric currents. Particularly in the pediatric population, these injuries not only affect the children but also significantly impact the lives and health of their parents. Objective: This study aimed to explore the multifaceted challenges faced by parents of pediatric burn survivors at the Burn and Plastic Surgery Center in Hayatabad KPK Peshawar. Methods: Employing a qualitative case study design, this research involved 10 participants selected via purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted through face-to-face in-depth interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. All interviews were audio-recorded, with non-verbal cues and expressions meticulously documented. Thematic analysis was utilized to derive codes, categories, and subsequently, themes from the data. Results: Analysis revealed five major themes reflecting the challenges encountered by parents: socio-economic difficulties, psychological distress, physiological and physical health issues, spiritual anxiety with altered religious activities, and domestic violence and abuse. Specifically, 70% of participants experienced significant disruptions in their daily lives and interactions, while 100% reported financial hardships directly affecting their ability to manage the health care needs of their children. Conclusion: The study underscores the extensive challenges that parents of pediatric burn survivors face, highlighting the necessity for healthcare professionals to adopt a holistic approach in treating burnt children while concurrently addressing parental difficulties. Effective identification and management of these challenges are crucial to improving health outcomes for both the children and their parents.

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Skin Burns

Cited by 8 publications

References 95 publications

Transient Thermal Responses of Skin to Pulsed Millimeter Waves

Transient Thermal Responses of Skin to Pulsed Millimeter Waves

Burns: Classification, Pathophysiology, and Treatment: A Review

Challenges Faced by Parents of Pediatric Burn Survivors: A Thematic Analysis

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