Skin Burn Associated with Pulse Oximetry during Perioperative Photodynamic Therapy

Farber, Neil E.; McNeely, James K.; Rosner, Diane R.

doi:10.1097/00000542-199604000-00028

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The properties of the dielectric phantom were ǫ r = 65 and σ = 0.4 S/m, [20], with dimensions x=14cm, y=33.5cm and z=23cm. The distance between the coil and phantom, s, was 5mm which is similar to practical MRI systems for safety reasons [21]. The inter-digital capacitive surface was adopted in order to maximize the capacitance density, [18], and provide an electrically small unit cell design.…”

Section: Mri Concept and His Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of radio frequency magnetic field for a 1.5 T magnetic resonance system using a high impedance surface

Issa

Ford

Rao

et al. 2016

IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation

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This study presents a novel design of a high impedance surface (HIS) to improve the magnetic field strength of a radio frequency (RF) coil at 63.8 MHz, suitable for 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging systems. The HIS is miniaturised using distributed interdigital capacitors. A HIS with an electrically small unit cell (λ /94) and is positioned between a RF transmit‐receive coil and an RF shield. The magnitude of the magnetic field from an RF coil when coupled to a dielectric phantom load (mimicking a biological sample) was estimated using numerical simulation (finite integral methods) and corroborated with measurements. Simulated median improvements in magnetic field inside a dielectric phantom range from approximately 18 to 32% depending on the area of the HIS.

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Section: Mri Concept and His Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of radio frequency magnetic field for a 1.5 T magnetic resonance system using a high impedance surface

Issa

Ford

Rao

et al. 2016

IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation

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“…Cutaneous photosensitization is not prevented by using sunburn creams, as it is primarily visible, rather than ultraviolet, light that activates the photosensitizer. Cutaneous phototoxic reactions in patients can be avoided by limiting exposure to ambient light [11], preventing more than momentary exposure to photodiode monitors (for example, a pulse oximeter) [22] and filtering operating room lights to prevent nonspecific photoactivation of the sensitizer.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Photosensitizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic treatment of neoplastic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract

Webber

Herman

Kessel

et al. 2000

Langenbeck's Arch Surg

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a form of cancer treatment based on the selective accumulation of a photosensitizer (by exogenous or endogenous means) in neoplastic tissue. Subsequent activation of the photosensitizer by a specific wavelength of light results in tumor cell death. Activation of a photosensitizer to the appropriate energy state results in the production of singlet oxygen, a powerful oxidizing agent. PDT can kill cells by three mechanisms: direct cell death by photooxidation, apoptosis, or as a consequence of vascular shutdown. The toxicity of PDT is site specific and dependent on the organ being irradiated and the selectivity of the photosensitizer for target tissue over normal tissue. However, there are also reactions related to the sensitizer per se that are independent of those related to the treatment site. Such reactions include cutaneous photosensitization, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, and altered liver 'function' tests. Excitation of photosensitizer by an incident photon produces reemission of a fluorescent photon, which can be used to detect a tumor that is not ordinarily evident. The major limiting factor in using PDT is the depth of tumor kill. The majority of clinical experience involving PDT of the gastrointestinal tract involves patients who are considered to be poor operative risks, and reported follow-ups after treatment are not only limited but also variable.

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“…15 An occasional patient has been reported to develop mild cutaneous phototoxicity as late as 48 hours after receiving ALA. 83 Cutaneous phototoxic reactions in patients taking ALA can be avoided by exposure to 84 and filtering operating room lights to prevent nonspecific photoactivation of PpIX. 15 Oral intake of ALA causes mild nausea or vomiting in almost a quarter of patients, as well as transient and variable abnormalities of liver function tests in approximately one third of patients.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Photosensitizersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Concepts in Gastrointestinal Photodynamic Therapy

Webber¹,

Herman²,

Kessel³

et al. 1999

Annals of Surgery

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ObjectiveTo review current concepts of photodynamic therapy (PDT) applied to the treatment of tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Summary Background DataPDT initially involves the uptake or production of a photosensitive compound by tumor cells. Subsequent activation of the photoreactive compound by a specific wavelength of light results in cell death, either directly or as a result of vascular compromise and/or apoptosis. MethodsThe authors selectively review current concepts relating to photosensitization, photoactivation, time of PDT application, tissue selectivity, sites of photodynamic action, PDT effects on normal tissue, limitations of PDT, toxicity of photosensitizers, application of principles of PDT to tumor detection, and current applications of PDT to tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. ResultsPDT is clearly effective for small cancers, but it is not yet clear in which cases such treatment is more effective than other currently acceptable approaches. The major side effect of PDT is cutaneous photosensitization. The major limitation of PDT is depth of tumor kill. As data from current and future clinical trials become available, a clearer perspective of where PDT fits in the treatment of cancers will be gained. Many issues regarding pharmacokinetic data of photosensitizers, newer technology involved in light sources, optimal treatment regimens that take advantage of the pharmacophysiology of photoablation, and light dosimetry still require solution. One can foresee application of differing sensitizers and light sources depending on the specific clinical situation. As technologic advances occur, interstitial PDT may have significant application.

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Skin Burn Associated with Pulse Oximetry during Perioperative Photodynamic Therapy

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

Enhancement of radio frequency magnetic field for a 1.5 T magnetic resonance system using a high impedance surface

Enhancement of radio frequency magnetic field for a 1.5 T magnetic resonance system using a high impedance surface

Photodynamic treatment of neoplastic lesions of the gastrointestinal tract

Current Concepts in Gastrointestinal Photodynamic Therapy

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