Skin Breakdown and Blisters from Senna-Containing Laxatives in Young Children

Spiller, Henry A.; Winter, Mark L.; Weber, Julie A; Krenzelok, Edward P.; Anderson, Deborah; Ryan, Mark L.

doi:10.1345/aph.1c439

Cited by 47 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Anthraquinone may be one of the ingredients of aloe that produces diarrhea and contact dermatitis (Harland and Mortimer, 1993;Wilkinson et al, 1994;Fujii, 2003;Spiller et al, 2003), and hence efforts have been undertaken by industry and regulatory agencies to minimize side effects of aloe and reduce anthraquinone levels in aloe preparations. Therefore, it appeared necessary to establish a recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of aloe to ensure its safety for humans and determine the pharmacological effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) of Baby Aloe Powder (BAP) for Nutraceutical Application Based Upon Toxicological Evaluation

Kwack

Gil

Kim

et al. 2014

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aloe has been used in versatile herbal medications and nutraceuticals throughout history. Aloe is widely considered to be generally safe for humans and used globally. The effectiveness and pharmacological properties of aloe are dependent upon when the plant is collected. However, little is known about the toxicology of whole-body aloe collected within less than 1 yr. Based upon widespread exposure to aloe, it is important to determine a daily intake level of this chemical to ensure its safety for humans. To determine the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of baby aloe powder (BAP) for clinical application, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated orally for 4 wk with 4 different concentrations: 0, 0.125, 0.5, and 2 g/kg body weight (bw). In this study, no significant or dose-dependent toxicological effects of BAP were observed in biochemical or hematological parameters, urinalysis, clinical signs, body weight, and food and water consumption. There were changes in some biomarkers in certain treated groups compared to controls; however, all values were within their reference ranges and not dose-dependent. Based on these results, the NOAEL of BAP was estimated to be greater than 2 g/kg bw in male and 2 g/kg bw in female SD rats. Collectively, these data suggest that BAP used in this study did not produce any marked subacute toxic effects up to a maximum concentration of 2 g/kg bw, and thus use in nutraceuticals and in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications at a concentration of >2 g/kg is warranted.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) of Baby Aloe Powder (BAP) for Nutraceutical Application Based Upon Toxicological Evaluation

Kwack

Gil

Kim

et al. 2014

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The chocolate tablet formulation of Ex-Lax™ is appealing to young children, as in our case. Additionally, young children are more likely to wear diapers or overnight "pull-ups" that expose the skin to diarrhea for prolonged periods of time (1). The length of exposure time needed to cause lesions is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laxative-Induced Buttock Dermatitis

Hall

DePiero

2011

The Journal of Emergency Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…So, its use is warranted with caution among individuals with intestinal disorders, liver damage. It was reported to interfere with absorption of therapeutic drugs and allergic response in susceptible individuals (Spiller et al, 2003). German Commission E brought its chronic use in daylight with electrolyte imbalance, potassium deficiency, albuminuria, hematuria, cardiovascular, and muscle weakness.…”

Section: Senna Leaf (Senna Alexandria)mentioning

confidence: 99%