Skin blood flow changes, measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, in the first week after birth

Suichies, H.E.; Brouwer, C.; Aarnoudse, Jan G.; Jentink, H.W.; Mul, F.F.M. de; Greve, Jan

doi:10.1016/0378-3782(90)90123-z

Cited by 24 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Reports of temporal changes in neonatal peripheral cutaneous blood flow are similarly conflicting (22,24). Although microvascular blood flow has been reported to remain unchanged over the first 24 h of life (13), other authors have described significant falls between days 1 and 7 (12,22). The current data demonstrates that in term neonates born after preeclamptic pregnancy, female infants exhibit similar baseline microvascular blood flow at 6 h of age to females of normotensive mothers followed by significantly greater microvascular blood flow at 24 and 72 h. Conversely, male infants do not demonstrate a temporal change in blood flow in the presence of preeclampsia but were significantly more vasodilated than males of normotensive mothers at 6 h of age.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neonates Born to Mothers With Preeclampsia Exhibit Sex-Specific Alterations in Microvascular Function

2009

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This study aimed to characterize early neonatal microvascular function after preeclamptic pregnancy with respect to infant sex and in utero growth. Peripheral microvascular blood flow was examined prospectively from 6 to 72 h of age using laser Doppler flowmetry in a cohort of term infants of normotensive women and women with late-onset preeclampsia. For male infants, those born to preeclamptic women had greater microvascular blood flow at 6 h (p Ͻ 0.05) with no change over time. Male infants of normotensive women exhibited increasing blood flow with time (p ϭ 0.005). Female infants of preeclamptic mothers exhibited similar blood flow at 6 h of age to females of normotensive mothers, followed by significantly greater blood flow by 72 h (p Ͻ 0.001). Altered fetal microvascular structure and function in response to maternal preeclampsia may result in sexually dimorphic patterns of fetal growth and account for alterations in neonatal microvascular adaptation after birth.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The microcirculation of neonate is subject to considerable changes in the first days of extrauterine life (12) and is altered in response to mode of delivery (13), hypoxia (14), and ischemia (15). We have recently demonstrated that infants born prematurely exhibit sex-specific differences in microvascular blood flow and vasodilatory capacity (16).…”

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confidence: 99%

Neonates Born to Mothers With Preeclampsia Exhibit Sex-Specific Alterations in Microvascular Function

2009

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“…However, at this time, dramatic functional and structural changes are still occurring in the macrocirculation and microcirculation as adaptation to the extrauterine environment takes place (36). Indeed, previous studies using laser Doppler flowmetry have documented marked changes in skin blood flow during the first 5 days of life (37). At the age of 3 months, the transient changes in blood volume (38) and metabolism that follow parturition have largely stabilized, and the maturation of biological rhythms of the cardiovascular and thermoregulatory system would have occurred (39,40).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Microvascular Vasodilatory Function in 3-Month-Old Infants of Low Birth Weight

et al. 2001

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OBJECTIVE -Low birth weight has been linked to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in adult life. The fetal insulin hypothesis proposed that a genetic predisposition to insulin resistance may also influence vascular development. Therefore, impaired vascular function may be an intrinsic abnormality in low-birth weight infants that antedates clinical features of the insulin resistance syndrome.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -Two groups of 3-month-old term infants were included in the study: 17 infants of lowest quartile birth weight (LQBW) and 21 infants of highest quartile birth weight (HQBW). Three aspects of skin microvascular function were examined; response to local heating, response to acetylcholine iontophoresis, and capillary density.RESULTS -Median (interquartile ranges) birth weights of the LQBW and HQBW infants were 3,140 g (2,738 -3,254) and 3,920 g (3,750 -4,020), respectively. Skin maximal hyperemic response to local heating was 2.14 V (1.68 -2.30) in the LQBW group vs. 2.44 V (1.96 -2.90) in the HQBW group (P ϭ 0.020), and the endothelium-dependent vasodilatory response was 1.03 V (0.62-1.32) in the LQBW group vs. 0.78 V (0.45-1.32) in the HQBW group (P ϭ 0.297). Capillary density in the LQBW and HQBW groups were 46.3 mm Ϫ2 (40.1-53.7) and 44.1 mm Ϫ2 (41.7-56.0), respectively (P ϭ 0.736).CONCLUSIONS -Skin maximal hyperemic response was lower in LQBW infants, although no reduction in capillary density or defect in endothelium-dependent vasodilatation was observed. Such a lower maximal hyperemic response in early life in LQBW subjects who are at risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease supports the hypothesis that impaired microvascular function is an early antecedent to diabetes in later life. Diabetes Care 24:1102-1107, 2001R etrospective studies in the U.K. have shown that low birth weight is associated with the development of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and increased cardiovascular mortality in adult life, which are clinical features of insulin resistance syndrome (1). This association is independent of social class and adult BMI and has been confirmed in studies conducted in other populations (2) and countries (3,4). Barker (5) proposed the fetal programming hypothesis to explain the association, stipulating that undernutrition in utero leads to impaired fetal growth, which may permanently program the structure and function of the pancreas, thus predisposing later development of type 2 diabetes. An alternative or complementary explanation is the fetal insulin hypothesis, which states that the same polygenic factors that increase insulin resistance in utero and in adult life produce two phenotypic expressions: an infant of low birth weight and an adult with an increased risk for diabetes and hypertension (6).In parallel with these observations has been the understanding that endothelial dysfunction is a crucial biological determinant of cardiovascular disease (7). Furthermore, impaired endotheliumdependent vasodilatation has been linked to key components of i...

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“…It is known that the microcirculation of the skin is subject to considerable changes in the first few days of extrauterine life. 15 An extensive capillary network in the newborn's skin forms in the first weeks after birth first in a disorderly manner, and then, between 14 and 17 weeks after birth, the length and variability of the diameter of the capillaries increase. 16,17 This is consistent with the recent report by Top et al, 18 who examined the capillary microcirculation in the buccal mucosa in term neonates at 0 to 7 days, 8 to 28 days, 1 to 6 months, and at 3 years using orthogonal polarized spectroscopy imaging and found higher basal capillary density in infants Ͻ1 week old compared with older children, confirming that basal capillary density decreases progressively after the first week of life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Birth Weight Infants Do Not Have Capillary Rarefaction at Birth

et al. 2011

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Abstract-Low birth weight predicts adult essential hypertension and is linked to increased cardiovascular mortality in adult life. A reduction in capillary density (ie, rarefaction) is a hallmark of essential hypertension, and evidence suggests that rarefaction precedes the onset of the rise in blood pressure, because it is found in normotensive individuals at high risk of developing hypertension, suggesting that rarefaction is likely to be a primary structural abnormality. We hypothesized that low birth weight infants would have significant capillary rarefaction at birth. We studied 44 low birth weight infants born to normotensive mothers (33 were born preterm, birth weight: 1823Ϯ446 g; and 11 were born at term, birth weight: 2339Ϯ177 g) and compared them with 71 infants born at term with normal weight (birth weight: 3333Ϯ519 g). We used orthogonal polarized spectroscopy to measure basal (ie, functional) and maximal (ie, structural) skin capillary densities. Low birth weight infants, whether born preterm or at term, had significantly higher functional capillary density (mean difference of 10.5 capillaries per millimeter squared; 95% CI: 6.6 -14.4 capillaries per millimeter squared; PϽ0.0001) and higher structural capillary density (mean difference of 11.1 capillaries per millimeter squared; 95% CI: 7.6 -14.5 capillaries per millimeter squared; PϽ0.0001) when compared with normal weight term infants. We conclude that low birth weight infants born to normotensive mothers do not have capillary rarefaction at birth. These results contradict what might have been predicted from the concept of the intrauterine origins of adult disease and suggest that microcirculatory abnormalities observed in individuals of low birth weight occur in postnatal life rather than during their intrauterine existence. (Hypertension. 2011;58:847-851.)Key Words: capillary rarefaction Ⅲ microcirculation Ⅲ hypertension Ⅲ low birth weight M icrocirculatory abnormalities and impaired tissue perfusion have been implicated in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance. 1 In essential hypertension in particular, a reduction in the spatial density of arterioles and capillaries (ie, rarefaction) appears to play a central role. 2 We have shown previously that much of the capillary rarefaction in essential hypertension is attributed to the structural (ie, anatomic) absence of capillaries. 3 We have also shown significant capillary rarefaction in patients with borderline intermittent essential hypertension and in normotensive offspring of hypertensive parents, suggesting a familial predisposition in which capillary rarefaction represents a primary vascular abnormality that antedates the onset of sustained elevation of blood pressure (BP). 4,5 There is now a strong body of evidence showing that low birth weight (LBW), that is, birth weight of Ͻ2.5 kg regardless of gestation or causation, 6 is associated with structural and functional vascular abnormalities, 7 the development of essential hypertension, 8...

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Skin blood flow changes, measured by laser Doppler flowmetry, in the first week after birth

Cited by 24 publications

References 19 publications

Neonates Born to Mothers With Preeclampsia Exhibit Sex-Specific Alterations in Microvascular Function

Neonates Born to Mothers With Preeclampsia Exhibit Sex-Specific Alterations in Microvascular Function

Impaired Microvascular Vasodilatory Function in 3-Month-Old Infants of Low Birth Weight

Low Birth Weight Infants Do Not Have Capillary Rarefaction at Birth

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