Skin Barrier Function and Its Importance at the Start of the Atopic March

Hogan, Mary Beth; Peele, Kathy; Wilson, Nevin W.

doi:10.1155/2012/901940

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This more modern view of the atopic march is furthermore strongly supported by recent data on the defective skin barrier function as the key factor for the pathogenesis of AD (36). Skin barrier dysfunction facilitates transdermal dehydration and infiltration of allergens, bacteria and bacterial toxins, thus inducing and enhancing allergen sensitization as a hallmark of the atopic march (37). Skin sensitization is followed by airway sensitization to the same allergen and is one of the most robust predictors for the development of childhood asthma (38).…”

Section: Heterogeneity Of Atopic Sensitizationmentioning

confidence: 70%

Allergy in severe asthma

Giacco

Bakırtaş

Bel

et al. 2016

Allergy

111

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It is well recognized that atopic sensitization is an important risk factor for asthma, both in adults and in children. However, the role of allergy in severe asthma is still under debate. The term 'Severe Asthma' encompasses a highly heterogeneous group of patients who require treatment on steps 4-5 of GINA guidelines to prevent their asthma from becoming 'uncontrolled', or whose disease remains 'uncontrolled' despite this therapy. Epidemiological studies on emergency room visits and hospital admissions for asthma suggest the important role of allergy in asthma exacerbations. In addition, allergic asthma in childhood is often associated with severe asthma in adulthood. A strong association exists between asthma exacerbations and respiratory viral infections, and interaction between viruses and allergy further increases the risk of asthma exacerbations. Furthermore, fungal allergy has been shown to play an important role in severe asthma. Other contributing factors include smoking, pollution and work-related exposures. The 'Allergy and Asthma Severity' EAACI Task Force examined the current evidence and produced this position document on the role of allergy in severe asthma.

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Section: Heterogeneity Of Atopic Sensitizationmentioning

confidence: 70%

Allergy in severe asthma

Giacco

Bakırtaş

Bel

et al. 2016

Allergy

111

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“…Firstly, deficiency of ceramides in stratum corneum is an essential etiologic aspect in the early events of AD [49], where the deficiency of ceramides is represented by PKC level [50]. As shown in Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Douchi (fermented Glycine max Merr.) alleviates atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by regulation of PKC and IL-4

Jung

Ahn

Park

et al. 2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundDouchi (fermented Glycine max Merr.) is produced from fermented soybeans, which is widely used in traditional herbal medicine. In this study, we investigated whether Douchi attenuates protein kinase C (PKC) and interleukin (IL)-4 response and cutaneous inflammation in Atopic dermatitis (AD)-like NC/Nga mice.MethodsTo induce AD-like skin lesions, D. farinae antigen was applied to the dorsal skin of 3-week-old NC/Nga mice. After inducing AD, Douchi extract was administered 20 mg/kg daily for 3 weeks to the Douchi-treated mice group. We identified the changes of skin barrier and Th2 differentiation through PKC and IL-4 by immunohistochemistry.ResultsDouchi treatment of NC/Nga mice significantly reduced clinical scores (p < 0.01) and histological features. The levels of PKC and IL-4 were significantly reduced in the Douchi-treated group (p < 0.01). The reduction of IL-4 and PKC led to decrease of inflammatory factors such as substance P, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) (all p < 0.01). Douchi also down-regulated Th1 markers (IL-12, TNF-α) as well as Th2 markers (IL-4, p-IκB) (p < 0.01).ConclusionDouchi alleviates AD-like skin lesions through suppressing of PKC and IL-4. These results also lead to diminish levels of substance P, iNOS and MMP-9 in skin lesions. Therefore, Douchi may have potential applications for the prevention and treatment of AD.

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“…One current hypothesis on potential biological mechanisms for the atopic march revolves around defective skin barrier function, a hallmark of AD. This defective skin barrier is thought to allow both epidermal water loss and penetration by high molecular weight structures such as allergens, bacteria and viruses .…”

Section: Potential Biological Mechanisms In the Atopic Marchmentioning

confidence: 99%