Skin autofluorescence is associated with severity of vascular complications in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Skin autofluorescence had independent effects on vascular complications in Japanese patients with Type 2 diabetes. This indicates that skin advanced glycation end products are a surrogate marker for vascular risk and a non-invasive autofluorescence reader may be a useful tool to detect high-risk cases in non-Caucasian patients with diabetes.

Association of advanced glycation end products and chronic kidney disease with macroangiopathy in type 2 diabetes

“…sAF. Relations between sAF and serum creatinine (Lutgers et al, 2006) and MDRDeGFR (Noordzij et al, 2012;Tanaka et al, 2012) were already reported in patients with T2D.…”

“…Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) predicts cardiovascular events and mortality in T2D (Afkarian et al, 2013) and the accumulation of AGEs may contribute to this relation. However, the impact of CKD on sAF in T2D has not been reported yet, and seems questionable as several investigators have mentioned that the association between sAF and nephropathy in these patients did not persist after adjustment for age (Monami et al, 2008;Tanaka et al, 2012;Noordzij et al, 2012). Small sample sizes, well-controlled diabetes of short duration, low rates of microalbuminuria and insufficiently accurate estimations of the Glomerular Filtration Rates by the Cockcroft or MDRD equations may have precluded to relate sAF with CKD in previous reports.…”

Autofluorescence of Skin Advanced Glycation End Products as a Risk Factor for Open Angle Glaucoma: The ALIENOR Study

“…[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32] In diabetic patients, sAF was described as a marker of chronic hyperglycemia for a longer lifetime period than HbA1c and was also independently associated with micro-and macrovascular complications. 27,30,52 In nondiabetic patients, increased sAF was also associated with increased arterial stiffness, peripheral arterial disease, and coronary artery calcifications. 23,25,37 sAF was also associated with brain atrophy using magnetic resonance imaging, impaired cognitive functions, or some neurologic diseases.…”

Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy

“…Clinical research tools include ocular and skin autoflourescence measures, which reflect AGEs [66,67]. Many studies have shown these non-invasively assessed skin AGEs to be independently associated with diabetic retinopathy [66][67][68][69][70][71][72]. Another non-invasive clinical tool can evaluate nerve structure in the cornea (by corneal confocal microscopy), which may relate to retinal health [39].…”

“…AGEs in skin, cornea, and lenses can be measured noninvasively, clinically based on tissue autofluorescence [66,67,[70][71][72].…”