Skin and mucosal manifestations of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in people living with HIV: a review

Abstract

Opportunistic infections have significantly decreased in individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus and receiving antiretroviral therapy. However, in approximately 10%–25% of patients, severe skin reactions during immune reconstruction are constantly increasing. This may manifest as either an exacerbation of a chronic disease or the development of a new disorder, referred to as immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. This review focuses on the current knowledge regarding the dermatological symptoms of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome observed in recent years. These symptoms encompass various pathogens, neoplasms, and certain autoimmune diseases. In addition to the most common skin reactions, attention is directed towards conditions not previously described in any review, such as psoriasis.