Skin and brain implantable inset‐fed antenna at ISM band for wireless biotelemetry applications

Abstract

A compact implantable microstrip patch antenna is proposed with small patch size for biotelemetry applications, which works on Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) (2400.0-2483.5 MHz) band. Rogers RO Duroid 3010 is used as a substrate as well as superstrate layer of dielectric constant 10.2 and thickness 0.64 mm. The dimensions of antenna are 13.3 × 14.6 mm 2. The frequency range covered by the antenna is 2.26 to 2.71 GHz with appreciable bandwidth of 18.10% and its resonating frequency is 2.45 GHz at which its return loss is −20.7 dB inside skin. For validation of results, the antenna performance is checked inside in-vitro solution of skin mimicking liquid. Thus, a miniaturized skin implantable antenna for biotelemetry applications is proposed.

Design of ultra-compact ISM band implantable patch antenna for bio-medical applications

“…The design and simulations of the proposed IMCP antenna are carried out using CST Microwave Studio 2018 simulator. The implanted antenna was positioned at a depth of 2 mm from the skin surface, where the human tissue consists of three layers, which are skin, fat, and muscle [22,[28][29][30]. The simulation model of the human tissue built on CST with the implanted antenna is illustrated in Fig.…”

“…Another constraint parameter that defines the amount of allowed power incident on the human body is the specific absorption rate (SAR) [27]. The IEEE standard allowed the average SAR for a 1 g of cube-shaped tissue to be <1.6 W/kg, while the ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) basic restrictions limit the SAR averaged over 10 g of contiguous tissue to <2 W/kg [27,28].…”

Compact Power-Symbol Shaped Microstrip Antenna for Healthcare Monitoring Systems

“…The thickness of skin, fat and muscle used for that purpose are 4 mm, 4 mm, 8 mm, respectively. The details of tissue properties at 2.45 GHz are detailed in Table 2 [20]. Figure 4 presents the image of the antenna inside human body within the simulation environment.…”

Design of dual-band implanted patch antenna system for bio-medical applications

“…To imitate a typical human body, a three-layers phantom has been constructed on a microwave studio (CST) simulator. The human tissue consists of three layers [21][22][23] skin (σ = 1.44s/m, ε r = 38 ), fat (σ = 0.1s/m, ε r = 5.28 ), and muscle (σ = 1.74s/m, ε r = 52.7) layers as illustrated in Fig. 5.…”

“…The IEEE standard limits the average SAR for a 1 g of cube-shaped tissue to less than 1.6 W/kg. And the ICNIRP (International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) basic restrictions (c) -case 3 limit the SAR averaged over 10 g of contiguous tissue to less than 2 W/kg, [18][19][20][21].…”