Skin Ageing

Abstract

Skin ageing results from both the passage of time and from extrinsic forces, predominantly solar ultraviolet irradiation. Intrinsic ageing is characterized by fine wrinkling and homogenous colour on sun‐protected sites whereas extrinsic ageing is characterized by fine and coarse wrinkling, erythema and dyspigmentation on sun‐exposed sites. Two distinct phenotypes of extrinsic ageing have emerged: atrophic and hypertrophic variants. Tools to measure and quantify skin ageing have been developed and offer therapeutic and research applications. Molecular mechanisms distinguishing intrinsic and extrinsic skin ageing are discussed. The implications of skin ageing are cosmetic, medical and social in nature.

Skin Anti-Aging Effect of Oral Vitamin A Supplementation in Combination with Topical Retinoic Acid Treatment in Comparison with Topical Treatment Alone: A Randomized, Prospective, Assessor-Blinded, Parallel Trial

“…Different anti-aging approaches have been developed to rejuvenate aged skin and prevent age-related skin diseases. Among anti-aging substances, retinoids and alpha-hydroxy acids are the actives commonly used at the topical level [7] and retinoic acid represents the gold standard treatment [3]. Retinoic acid and its metabolic precursor, retinol, increase collagen formation, preventing collagen degradation in the skin and leading to a clinical improvement in wrinkles.…”

“…Retinoic acid and its metabolic precursor, retinol, increase collagen formation, preventing collagen degradation in the skin and leading to a clinical improvement in wrinkles. In addition, retinoic acid also determined an improvement in dyspigmentation [3]. Recently, a clinical trial showed the clinical efficacy and tolerability of a medical device containing retinoic acid (0.02%) and glycolic acid (4%) in a polyvinyl gel vehicle (RG) [7] as an anti-skin aging strategy.…”

“…High pigmentation is generally protective and is able to provide a 500-fold level of protection from ultraviolet (UV) radiation [2]. The main clinical features of chrono-aging include dryness, homogeneous color, atrophy, and fine wrinkling [3]. Extrinsic factors are, to varying degrees, partially controllable.…”

“…Permanent visible changes of the skin could have a significant emotional and psychological impact on the quality of life [7]. In addition, skin aging is associated with medical implications, such as xerosis, pruritus, and skin damage (dermatoporosis), which represent common and problematic conditions associated with skin aging [3]. Skin aging is a highly complex and not fully understood process, and different mechanisms are involved in its development.…”