Skills, toolkits, contexts and institutions: Clarifying the relationship between different approaches to cognition in cultural sociology

Ližardo, Omar; Strand, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.poetic.2009.11.003

Cited by 266 publications

(290 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…First, two core assumptions underlying many prominent theories of social interaction-ranging from Bourdieu's (1984) construct of the habitus to Goffman's (1959) account of impression management-are that: (1) people, even mere strangers, can draw accurate inferences about others based on their expressive behavioral cues; and (2) people routinely reveal information about their place in social structure through cues such as their bodily operations, ordinary behaviors, and mannerisms. Yet, within sociological traditions that integrate the individual, social structure, and power, the evidence in support of many of these assumptions has been at best indirect (Cerulo 2010;Lizardo and Strand 2010). To our knowledge, this study provides the first direct test of these assumptions, focusing on social structure as manifested in the networks that surround unfamiliar others.…”

Section: Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Seeing Social Structure: Assessing the Accuracy of Interpersonal Judgments About Social Networks

2016

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Even in brief or routine interactions, people constantly make judgments about others' social worlds and their positions in social structure. These inferences matter in contexts as diverse as hiring, venture capital funding, and courtship encounters. Yet it remains unclear whether people are accurate in assessing the social networks in which others are embedded and, if so, which behavioral cues perceivers use to form these impressions. Drawing on the "thin-slicing" paradigm in social psychology and data on over 4,276 judgments made by 586 perceivers about 23 strangers, we find that people can accurately infer the size and composition of others' networks. They are not, however, accurate in "seeing" the structure of relationships surrounding an individual.3

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Section: Contributionsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Seeing Social Structure: Assessing the Accuracy of Interpersonal Judgments About Social Networks

2016

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“…Persons learn to adjust previously acquired skills slowly and are prone to error if Type II processes are active during the adjustment learning period, learn to adjust their skill quickly when Type I processes are primary, as long as there is feedback about skill performance. This highlights that Type I culture, compared to Type II, takes longer to acquire through repeated practices, is more efficient when the task involves learning complex cultural elements (Bloch 1991), automatically incorporates more information from the environment, and it is more difficult to change once acquired (Lizardo and Strand 2010).…”

Section: Culture and Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this way, the dual process imagery has become one of the primary conceptual tools used by sociologists, especially those who take seriously the link between cultural and cognitive processes (DiMaggio 1997;Cerulo 2010;Knorr-Cetina 2014), to motivate and theorize a now growing list of empirical studies (e.g., inter alia Vaisey and Lizardo 2010;Hoffmann 2014;Miles 2015;Srivastava and Banaji 2011;Longest, Hitlin, and Vaisey 2013;Leschziner and Green 2013). The growing influence of the dual process imagery post-Vaisey has also begun to generate some critical backlash, as analysts debate the implications of the approach for both theory (e.g., Swidler 2008;Abramson 2012;Lizardo and Strand 2010;Patterson 2014) and method (e.g., Pugh 2013;Jerolmack and Khan 2014;Vila-Henninger 2015).…”

Section: The Reception Of Dual Process Models In Sociologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent use of DPMs has allowed scholars to expand and re-engage substantive areas that had not been seen as amenable to cultural analysis and the postulation of cultural processes (such as poverty and inequality : Vaisey 2010;Frye 2012), and has forced cultural theorists to revisit fundamental conceptual issues (Leschziner and Green 2013;Lizardo and Strand 2010;Vaisey 2008). In spite of these positive developments, we argue that the relatively limited theoretical development of the dual process idea, and the coinciding polemical critiques within sociology, reflect a largely truncated understanding of the breadth of substantive issues for which the general dual process imagery could be useful for sociologists.…”

Section: Broadening Engagement With Dual Process Imagerymentioning

confidence: 99%

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What Are Dual Process Models? Implications for Cultural Analysis in Sociology

Stoltz¹,

Ližardo²,

Mowry³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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saw a set of smart points usable to impress students in a seminar context. Dustin herded all of the cats, and made the seemingly quixotic attempt to write a seven-authored theory piece seem like a breeze. Of course, it was the intellectual input of all authors that ultimately made the paper more than the sum of its separate parts although we will spare you tired emergence analogies. Direct correspondence to Omar Lizardo, Department of Sociology, University of Notre Dame, 810 Flanner Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556. Email: olizardo@nd.edu. AbstractIn this paper we introduce the idea of the dual process framework (DPF), an interdisciplinary approach to the study of learning, memory, thinking, and action. Departing from the successful reception of Vaisey (2009), we suggest that intradisciplinary debates in sociology regarding the merits of "dual process" formulations can benefit from a better understanding of the theoretical foundations of these models in cognitive and social psychology. We argue that the key is to distinguish the general DPF from more specific applications to particular domains, which we refer to as dual process models (DPMs). We show how different dual process models can be applied to a variety of analytically distinct issues of interest to cultural sociologists beyond specific issues related to morality, such as culture in learning, culture in memory, culture in thinking, and culture in acting processes. We close by outlining the implications of our argument for relevant work in cultural sociology.

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“…While not rejecting the idea that there are indeed socialized aspects of human behavior, sociologists following Swidler's lead tended to take a more implicitly pragmatist approach to social life by focusing on its practical, routine, and situated nature. Though aligned with much of what Bourdieu wrote about social life, the primary difference between him and these scholars was the influence of internalized culture on action (see Swidler, 2008;Lizardo and Strand, 2010;Williams, 2017c).…”

Section: Repertoires and Reflexivity: Reactions To Bourdieusian Sociomentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesizing Proximate and Distal Levels of Explanation: Toward an Evolution-Informed Sociology

Williams

Montgomery²

2018

Front. Sociol.

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In this paper, we argue that despite the growing acceptance of psychological research by mainstream sociologists, the discipline of sociology remains largely averse to biology. This is because the kind of psychological research that sociologists now utilize tends to rely on the same assumptions of thought, action, and human behavior-broadly construed-that sociologists have on the whole tacitly endorsed since Durkheim's seminal criticism of Kantian categories in The Elementary Forms of Religious Life: Namely, that fundamental categories of perception, though naturally experienced, are socially constructed. This assumption is present in both psychological work on schemas and the dual-process model, which continue to be incorporated into sociological analysis at a growing pace. We further demonstrate how sociologists' overall positive reception of this kind of psychological research was facilitated by two factors: the rejection of biological explanations of human behavior and the tacit commitment to social causes by many sociologists in the field throughout the twentieth century. We demonstrate how synthesizing biological research with sociological research can extend existing sociological work by focusing on the study of parenting and crime and deviance. In these subfields, we believe sociologists can gain better understanding of their topics by moving from relatively proximate concerns to more distal ones. We conclude by asserting that seeing individuals' decision-making styles and capacities as a product of both evolved and social processes can lead to the development of more robust and yet parsimonious models of action in the discipline. Doing so need not make sociologists blindly endorse evolutionary approaches to human behavior, but start our theories with a view to both long and short history.

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Skills, toolkits, contexts and institutions: Clarifying the relationship between different approaches to cognition in cultural sociology

Cited by 266 publications

References 35 publications

Seeing Social Structure: Assessing the Accuracy of Interpersonal Judgments About Social Networks

Seeing Social Structure: Assessing the Accuracy of Interpersonal Judgments About Social Networks

What Are Dual Process Models? Implications for Cultural Analysis in Sociology

Synthesizing Proximate and Distal Levels of Explanation: Toward an Evolution-Informed Sociology

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