“…The most-studied use of the smartphone app in LBP patients was for self-management. We identified 29 articles focused on self-management of LBP via a smartphone app: four systematic reviews, 10,33,46,47 five RCTs, 11,38,41,48,49 five study protocols, 18,45,[50][51][52] six qualitative studies, 35,39,[53][54][55][56] three retrospective cohort studies, 26,42,43 five pilot RCTs, 36,44,57,58 and one case series. 37 Many of the studies coupled the self-management and telerehabilitation in the same app or in the same study intervention.…”