Skill in Sport

Abernethy, Bruce; Maxwell, Jonathan P.; Jackson, Robin C.; Masters, Rich S. W.

doi:10.1002/9780470713181.ch13

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…In this setting, the wizard observed the confederate and the robot from the same room. Thus, the human observer could have subconsciously interpreted subtle cues in the motion patterns of the confederate that the robotic recognizers are not able to interpret reliably, e.g., by observing the motion preceding an attack in volleyball ( Schorer et al, 2013 ) or a penalty kick in football ( Noël et al, 2014 ), athletes can anticipate the actions of their opponents (also see Abernethy et al, 2007 ). This is more pronounced in everyday behaviors of groups as they tend to synchronize by subtly communicating their next movements to each other ( Néda et al, 2000 ; Richardson et al, 2007 ; Lakens and Stel, 2011 ).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghost-in-the-Machine reveals human social signals for human–robot interaction

et al. 2015

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We used a new method called “Ghost-in-the-Machine” (GiM) to investigate social interactions with a robotic bartender taking orders for drinks and serving them. Using the GiM paradigm allowed us to identify how human participants recognize the intentions of customers on the basis of the output of the robotic recognizers. Specifically, we measured which recognizer modalities (e.g., speech, the distance to the bar) were relevant at different stages of the interaction. This provided insights into human social behavior necessary for the development of socially competent robots. When initiating the drink-order interaction, the most important recognizers were those based on computer vision. When drink orders were being placed, however, the most important information source was the speech recognition. Interestingly, the participants used only a subset of the available information, focussing only on a few relevant recognizers while ignoring others. This reduced the risk of acting on erroneous sensor data and enabled them to complete service interactions more swiftly than a robot using all available sensor data. We also investigated socially appropriate response strategies. In their responses, the participants preferred to use the same modality as the customer’s requests, e.g., they tended to respond verbally to verbal requests. Also, they added redundancy to their responses, for instance by using echo questions. We argue that incorporating the social strategies discovered with the GiM paradigm in multimodal grammars of human–robot interactions improves the robustness and the ease-of-use of these interactions, and therefore provides a smoother user experience.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ghost-in-the-Machine reveals human social signals for human–robot interaction

et al. 2015

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“…Studies of athletes have provided a wealth of information about the skills underpinning elite performance in various sports (cf. Abernethy et al, 2007; Mann et al, 2007). Differences between skilled and less-skilled athletes have been found in components of perception , knowledge , and decision-making (Bar-Eli et al, 2011) and these skill differences may have some role in “creating” the expert coach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Playing Experience Improve Coaching? An Exploratory Study of Perceptual-Cognitive Skill in Soccer Coaches

Gründel¹,

Schorer²,

Strauß³

et al. 2013

Front. Psychol.

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In many sports, it is common for top coaching positions to be held by former players; however, despite the natural progression in many sports for skilled players to become high level coaches, we have little understanding of how playing may develop useful skills for coaching. In this study we considered perceptual-cognitive skill across groups of high and low-skilled soccer players and soccer coaches. A range of perceptual-cognitive variables was measured in an attempt to capture the diverse skills related to expertise in sport and coaching. Generally, results highlighted similarities between coaches and players on some tasks and differences on others.

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“…Accordingly, attentional research, or the scientific study of mental processes in elite performers, is central to cognitive sport psychology, because the ability to exert mental effort effectively is vital for optimal athletic performance (Moran, 2009). Within the realm of performance sport, appropriate self-directed thought processes prior to and during task execution have been shown to make a significant difference to the level of performance attained (Abernethy, Maxwell, Jackson, & Masters, 2007; Singer, Lidor, & Cauraugh, 1993). Nevertheless, there is still a great deal of confusion about the nature of and the cognitive mechanisms underlying attention (Winter, MacPherson, & Collins, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Where is the evidence in our sport psychology practice? A United Kingdom perspective on the underpinnings of action.

Winter¹,

Collins

2015

Professional Psychology: Research and Practice

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Practitioners advocate the importance to engage in evidence-based practice at the forefront of issues regarding the provision of applied sport psychology. Accordingly, the present study sought to contextualize the process of theory-research-practice. Specifically, four attentionalbased techniques established within the sport psychology literature were depicted as applied scenarios and presented as a survey task. Experienced UK-based practitioners (n = 14) and individuals currently undergoing training (n = 14) were recruited to ascertain their theoretical and mechanistic knowledge, and whether these techniques were being utilized in the applied environment. Results suggested that the application of the techniques, in addition to the theoretical, and mechanistic knowledge may decrease from the trainee to experienced practitioner. The study highlights the need for an increase in research designed to be impactful in the applied setting, and addressing the needs of sport psychology practitioners, if our discipline is to advance and remain as evidence-based.

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Skill in Sport

Cited by 14 publications

References 137 publications

Ghost-in-the-Machine reveals human social signals for human–robot interaction

Ghost-in-the-Machine reveals human social signals for human–robot interaction

Does Playing Experience Improve Coaching? An Exploratory Study of Perceptual-Cognitive Skill in Soccer Coaches

Where is the evidence in our sport psychology practice? A United Kingdom perspective on the underpinnings of action.

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