Skilful communication: Emotional facial expressions recognition in very old adults

Una revisión sistemática acerca del reconocimiento facial de las emociones en la Enfermedad de Alzheimer: una perspectiva evolutiva y de género

“…In relation to the age variable, our review suggests that the older the age, the worse the emotional recognition (both in normative and pathological aging) (Abbruzzese et al, 2019;Ostos et al, 2011;Sapey-Triomphe et al, 2015;Sarabia-Cobo et al, 2016), especially in those studies comparing performance with young people (Henry et al, 2008;Hot et al, 2013;Maki et al, 2013). These differences have been related to changes in brain structures such as the amygdala, cingulate cortex and orbitofrontal cortex involved in the recognition process (De Winter et al, 2016;Hot et al, 2013;Porcelli et al, 2019).…”

“…In the aging process, deficits in FER (Sarabia-Cobo et al, 2016) have sometimes been related to the excessive cognitive demand involved in these tasks in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. However, the use of "labels" that identify emotions could improve performance by serving as a visual support to identify emotional expression.…”

“…In this study, they compared images with different intensities regarding emotion expression (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%), suggesting that lower intensity correlated with more difficulty in emotion recognition, probably attributable to a greater cognitive effort. Therefore, stimulus intensity would be an element that favors correct emotional recognition (Sarabia-Cobo et al, 2016). Similarly, the correct identification of faces in printed images compared to other modalities (e.g., when using vocalizations, or musical fragments) could be related to the relevance of face recognition and correct emotion identification for survival (Hsieh et al 2012;.…”

Everybody S***s: how defecation stigma reduces care quality in dementia

“…They do this via their facial expressions when confronting faeces. These show the individuals they are supporting that they are disgusted by their action (Chelvanayagam, 2014;Czymoneywicz-Klippel, 2011;Sarabia-Cobo et al, 2016;Goffman, 2003). This visible disgust causes emotional distress in the individual being supported and directly contravenes what carers and supporters of people with dementia should be practicing (Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2015).…”

“…Care workers who are being excluded by society due to courtesy stigma not shared by their superiors could sub-consciously begin to impart the stigma on the individuals they are supporting to attempt to cement their own place in society. This sub-conscious stigma could present in facial expressions, which can be very difficult to control (Sarabia-Cobo et al, 2016). Chelvanayagam (2014) argues that individuals who are being supported with their defecation often respond more to facial expression than to verbal communication; something as simple as wrinkling your nose and therefore acknowledging the offensive smell is likely to cause the individual to feel embarrassment and shame.…”