Skene's gland adenocarcinoma with intestinal differentiation: A case report and literature review

Muto, Mariko; Inamura, Kentaro; Ozawa, Naoko; Endo, Takashi; Masuda, Hitoshi; Yonese, Junji

doi:10.1111/pin.12571

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…[14][15][16] It is interesting to point out that our third case expressed PAP, and that the columnar component of both tumors expressed racemase. Muto et al 15 and Kato et al 17 both presented a case with mucinous features that expressed PAP and PSA, respectively. It was suggested in accordance to these findings that columnar/mucinous adenocarcinoma could arise from periurethral glands.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological Subtypes and PD-L1 Expression in Primary Urethral Adenocarcinoma: A Series of 5 Cases

2021

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Background and Objectives Urethral adenocarcinoma is a rare disease with poor prognosis that can display multiple histologic patterns and has an unclear histogenesis. Radical surgery with extensive periurethral resection is the preferred therapeutic approach. Both chemotherapy and radiotherapy have been used as complementary treatment options. Due to the tendency of these tumors to recur, treatment-associated complications, and the limited choice of therapeutic options, patient management can be difficult. Given the lack of literature regarding immunotherapy in urethral adenocarcinoma, our objective was to explore the expression of programmed death receptor-ligand 1 (PD-L1) throughout the different histological subtypes of primary urethral adenocarcinoma. Methods We reviewed all primary urethral adenocarcinomas diagnosed at our hospital between 1965 and 2019, performed immunohistochemical assays on the tissue blocks, classified them according to their histology and origin, and performed PD-L1 (22C3) immunohistochemistry assays in all cases. Results We found a total of 5 cases of primary urethral adenocarcinoma. All of the patients were women. One of the cases was a cribriform adenocarcinoma, 2 were columnar-mucinous adenocarcinomas, and 2 were clear cell adenocarcinomas. One of the clear cell adenocarcinomas strongly expressed PD-L1. In addition, a profuse inflammatory infiltration constituted by CD3-positive and CD8-positive T lymphocytes within tumor cells was observed in this case. None of the other cases showed PD-L1 expression. Conclusions In conclusion, some urethral adenocarcinomas may strongly express PD-L1 and thus could potentially allow the use of immunotherapy in selected cases of advanced or recurrent adenocarcinoma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological Subtypes and PD-L1 Expression in Primary Urethral Adenocarcinoma: A Series of 5 Cases

2021

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“…In males, the prostate has an important secretory function in the reproductive tract; particularly in humans, there is great concern related to the incidence of benign (Langan, 2019) and malign hyperplasia (Chang et al, 2014) in adults. In women, however, concern regarding hyperplastic alterations in this gland is more recent (Muto et al, 2017). The initial development of this organ takes place during the prenatal period and in rodents it has been shown to be susceptible to environmental factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory repercussions in female steroid responsive glands after perinatal exposure to bisphenol A and 17‐β estradiol

Leonel

Ruiz

Bedolo

et al. 2021

Cell Biology International

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The mammary gland (MG) and female prostate are plastic reproductive organs which are highly responsive to hormones. Thus, endocrine disruptors, such as bisphenol A (BPA) and exogenous estrogens, negatively affect glandular homeostasis. In addition to previously described alterations, changes in inflammatory markers expression also trigger the development of a microenvironment that contributes to tumor progression. The current work aimed to evaluate the inflammatory responses of the MG and prostate gland to BPA (50 µg/kg) and 17‐β estradiol (35 µg/kg) exposure during the perinatal window of susceptibility. The results showed that at 6 months of age there was an increase in the number of phospho‐STAT3 (P‐STAT3) positive cells in the female prostate from animals perinatally exposed to 50 µg/kg BPA daily. In addition, the number of macrophages increased in these animals in comparison with nonexposed animals, as shown by the F4/80 marker. Despite an increase in the incidence of lobuloalveolar and intraductal hyperplasia, the MG did not show any difference in the expression of the four inflammatory markers evaluated: tumor necrosis factor‐α, COX‐2, P‐STAT3, and F4/80. Analysis of both glands from the same animal led to the conclusion that exposure to endocrine disruptors during the perinatal window of susceptibility leads to different inflammatory responses in different reproductive organs. As the prostate is more susceptible to these inflammatory mechanisms, it is reasonable to affirm that possible neoplastic alterations in this organ are related to changes in the inflammatory pattern of the stroma, a characteristic that is not evident in the MG.

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“…The female prostate stroma was more proliferative following exposure to finasteride, but differences were not observed in the epithelium or stroma of the male prostate. This sex‐specific variation indicates complex effects of finasteride on the female prostate, along with changes in smooth muscle formation that may indicate that the female prostate can be affected at low doses of finasteride, which becomes worrisome in the face of the presence of prostate glands in a proportion of women and the possibility that they may be affected by similar diseases to those which occur in the male prostate, such as cancer and prostatitis . In addition, there is evidence in the gerbil that the female prostate may also suffer from increased susceptibility to pathological conditions due to exposure to exogenous hormones and/or endocrine regulators during prostate development, which increases concerns that exposure to certain substances, such as finasteride, even at low dosages such as the one used in this study, may act to generate neglected changes in prostate development and increases in susceptibility to diseases associated with aging, since safety parameters have been determined for the male prostate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of investigation becomes relevant in the light of the presence of functional prostates in at least half of women, which are unencapsulated, much smaller than the male prostate, approximately 5 g in weight, and can spread into the urethra especially in a more medial region . Evidence has accumulated that the female prostate could be affected by similar pathologies to those that occur in the male, such as adenocarcinomas and prostatitis . In addition, there are studies that have indicated that the female prostate is also impacted differently to the male's by intrauterine exposure to endocrine disrupters, in addition to exogenous hormones, and have suggested that these exposures could lead to an increased susceptibility to pathological conditions associated with aging in a sex‐specific manner .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐dose in utero exposure to finasteride promotes developmental changes in both male and female gerbil prostates

Maldarine

Sanches

Santos

et al. 2019

Environmental Toxicology

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The prostate is an accessory reproductive gland that is sensitive to the action of exogenous compounds known as endocrine disrupters that alter normal hormonal function. Finasteride is a widely used chemical that acts to inhibit the conversion of testosterone in its most active form, dihydrotestosterone. It is known that intrauterine exposure to finasteride causes changes in the male prostate even at low dosages; however, it is not known whether these dosages are capable of causing changes in the female prostate, which is present in a large number of mammalian species, including humans. In the present study, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, serological dosages, and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques were employed to evaluate the effects of intrauterine exposure to a low dose of finasteride (100 μg.BW/d) on postnatal prostate development in male and female Mongolian gerbils. The results indicate that the gerbil female prostate also undergoes alterations following intrauterine exposure to finasteride, exhibiting a thickening of periductal smooth muscle and increased stromal proliferation. There are also intersex differences in the impact of exposure on the expression of the androgen receptor, which was increased in males, and of the estrogen-α receptor, which was decreased in the male prostate but unchanged in females. Altogether, this study indicates there are sex differences in the effects of finasteride exposure even at low dosages. K E Y W O R D Sandrogen receptor, female prostate, finasteride, gerbil, intrauterine exposure, low-dose exposure, estrogen receptor, smooth muscle

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Skene's gland adenocarcinoma with intestinal differentiation: A case report and literature review

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Histopathological Subtypes and PD-L1 Expression in Primary Urethral Adenocarcinoma: A Series of 5 Cases

Histopathological Subtypes and PD-L1 Expression in Primary Urethral Adenocarcinoma: A Series of 5 Cases

Inflammatory repercussions in female steroid responsive glands after perinatal exposure to bisphenol A and 17‐β estradiol

Low‐dose in utero exposure to finasteride promotes developmental changes in both male and female gerbil prostates

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