Skeletal transients on heel strike in normal walking with different footwear

Light, L H; McLellan, Gillian; Klenerman, L.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(80)90340-1

Cited by 253 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Windle and co-workers have shown that the insoles placed in shoes would attenuate the peak pressure at heel strike during running and marching compared to a ''no insole'' condition [30]. A decrease in the shock-wave amplitude transferred to the tibia in subjects who had insoles was reported by Light et al [17]. This decreased load, which in turn transfers less energy towards the upper part of the lower extremity and the lumbar spine, is probably the cause for the decrease in low back pain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The effect of insoles on the incidence and severity of low back pain among workers whose job involves long-distance walking

et al. 2005

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

The effect of insoles on the incidence and severity of low back pain among workers whose job involves long-distance walking

et al. 2005

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“…Soft tissues certainly deform during human walking (Collins and Whittle, 1989;Light et al, 1980;Rao and Jones, 1975). For example, empirical data show substantial deformations of the heel pad (Bennett and Ker, 1990;Hsu et al, 1998;Ker et al, 1989;Whittle, 1999) and foot arch (Gefen, 2003;Ker et al, 1987).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human walking isn't all hard work: evidence of soft tissue contributions to energy dissipation and return

Zelik

Kuo

2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

172

171

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SUMMARY The muscles and tendons of the lower extremity are generally considered the dominant producers of positive and negative work during gait. However, soft-tissue deformations not captured by joint rotations might also dissipate, store and even return substantial energy to the body. A key locomotion event is the collision of the leg with the ground, which deforms soft tissues appreciably in running. Significant deformation might also result from the impulsive ground collision in walking. In a study of normal human walking (N=10; 0.7–2.0 m s–1 speeds), we show indirect evidence for both negative and positive work performed by soft tissue, consistent with a damped elastic collision and rebound. We used the difference between measured joint work and another quantity – the work performed on the body center of mass – to indicate possible work performed by soft tissue. At 1.25 m s–1, we estimated that soft tissue performs approximately 7.5 J of negative work per collision. This constitutes approximately 60% of the total negative collision work and 31% of the total negative work per stride. The amount of soft tissue work during collision increases sharply with speed. Each collision is followed by 4 J of soft tissue rebound that is also not captured by joint work measures. Soft tissue deformation may save muscles the effort of actively dissipating energy, and soft tissue elastic rebound could save up to 14% of the total positive work per stride. Soft tissues not only cushion impacts but also appear to perform substantial work.

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“…Each heel strike initiates a shock wave that travels proximally through the leg, increasing the risk of musculoskeletal maladies such as chronic joint pain (Light et al, 1980;Voloshin & Wosk, 1981, osteoarthritis, cartilage degeneration (Buckwalter & Lane, 1997), and stress fractures (Jones et al, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Leg Tissue Mass Composition Affects Tibial Acceleration Response Following Impact

Schinkel-Ivy

Burkhart

Andrews

2012

Journal of Applied Biomechanics

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To date, there has not been a direct examination of the effect that tissue composition (lean mass/muscle, fat mass, bone mineral content) differences between males and females has on how the tibia responds to impacts similar to those seen during running. To evaluate this, controlled heel impacts were imparted to 36 participants (6 M and 6 F in each of low, medium and high percent body fat [BF] groups) using a human pendulum. A skin-mounted accelerometer medial to the tibial tuberosity was used to determine the tibial response parameters (peak acceleration, acceleration slope and time to peak acceleration). There were no consistent effects of BF or specific tissue masses on the un-normalized tibial response parameters. However, females experienced 25% greater peak acceleration than males. When normalized to lean mass, wobbling mass, and bone mineral content, females experienced 50%, 62% and 70% greater peak acceleration, respectively, per gram of tissue than males. Higher magnitudes of lean mass and bone mass significantly contributed to decreased acceleration responses in general.

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Skeletal transients on heel strike in normal walking with different footwear

Cited by 253 publications

References 8 publications

The effect of insoles on the incidence and severity of low back pain among workers whose job involves long-distance walking

The effect of insoles on the incidence and severity of low back pain among workers whose job involves long-distance walking

Human walking isn't all hard work: evidence of soft tissue contributions to energy dissipation and return

Leg Tissue Mass Composition Affects Tibial Acceleration Response Following Impact

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