Skeletal muscle structure, physiology, and function

Brooks, Susan V.; Guzman, Steve D.; Ruiz, Lloyd P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-98818-6.00013-3

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…Multi-nucleated myofibers contribute to 47% of the biomass in the average human body [ 4 ] and are involved in diverse biological functions, such as voluntary movements, posture, bioenergetic and metabolic integration, muscle–skeletal balance, bodily protection, the regulation of thermogenesis, respiration, communication and the provision of an abundant protein reservoir during extended periods of starvation [ 187 , 188 , 189 ]. The proper physiological functioning of the voluntary contractile system is based on highly coordinated interactions between the central and peripheral nervous systems on the one hand and the various subtypes of skeletal muscles that are associated with a network of capillaries, elaborate layers of extracellular matrix (ECM) and embedded satellite cell populations on the other hand [ 188 ].…”

Section: Skeletal Muscle Heterogeneity and Muscle Proteomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can Proteomics Help to Elucidate the Pathophysiological Crosstalk in Muscular Dystrophy and Associated Multi-System Dysfunction?

Dowling,

Trollet,

Negroni

et al. 2024

Proteomes

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This perspective article is concerned with the question of how proteomics, which is a core technique of systems biology that is deeply embedded in the multi-omics field of modern bioresearch, can help us better understand the molecular pathogenesis of complex diseases. As an illustrative example of a monogenetic disorder that primarily affects the neuromuscular system but is characterized by a plethora of multi-system pathophysiological alterations, the muscle-wasting disease Duchenne muscular dystrophy was examined. Recent achievements in the field of dystrophinopathy research are described with special reference to the proteome-wide complexity of neuromuscular changes and body-wide alterations/adaptations. Based on a description of the current applications of top-down versus bottom-up proteomic approaches and their technical challenges, future systems biological approaches are outlined. The envisaged holistic and integromic bioanalysis would encompass the integration of diverse omics-type studies including inter- and intra-proteomics as the core disciplines for systematic protein evaluations, with sophisticated biomolecular analyses, including physiology, molecular biology, biochemistry and histochemistry. Integrated proteomic findings promise to be instrumental in improving our detailed knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms and multi-system dysfunction, widening the available biomarker signature of dystrophinopathy for improved diagnostic/prognostic procedures, and advancing the identification of novel therapeutic targets to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

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Section: Skeletal Muscle Heterogeneity and Muscle Proteomicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Can Proteomics Help to Elucidate the Pathophysiological Crosstalk in Muscular Dystrophy and Associated Multi-System Dysfunction?

Dowling,

Trollet,

Negroni

et al. 2024

Proteomes

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“…The human body contains approximately 650 individual skeletal muscles [254], which are involved in a large number of diverse biological functions, including (i) excitation-contraction-relaxation cycles to enable coordinated locomotion for body movements, (ii) postural maintenance of supportive structures to control muscle-skeletal balance and bodily protection, (iii) verbal and facial communication via the oral and facial musculature, (iv) respiration with the help of the diaphragm muscle, (v) regulation of body thermogenesis, (vi) provision of a protein reservoir for periods of starvation and (vii) metabolic and bioenergetic integration [255]. Figure 5 gives an overview of the extent of proteome-wide adaptations due to changed functional demands or pathophysiological alterations in the skeletal musculature.…”

Section: Basic and Applied Myologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Basic and Applied Myologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Important topics in muscle cell biology that are gaining steady interest are the regulation of skeletal muscle mass [269], myokine signaling [270] and muscle-bone-fat crosstalk [271]. Figure 6 summarizes important cell biological characteristics of skeletal muscles, including histological, physiological and biochemical properties of the two main types of contractile fibers, i.e., slow-twitching type I myofibers and predominantly fast-twitching type II myofibers [253,254]. In the adult human skeletal musculature, a mixture of slow oxidative type I, fast oxidative-glycolytic type IIa and fast glycolytic type IIx/d myofibers, plus hybrid fibers ranging from I/IIa to IIa/IIx, are found in most individual muscles [238,272].…”

Section: Basic and Applied Myologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Technology and Its Application to Study Skeletal Muscle Cell Biology

Dowling,

Swandulla,

Ohlendieck

2023

Cells

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Voluntary striated muscles are characterized by a highly complex and dynamic proteome that efficiently adapts to changed physiological demands or alters considerably during pathophysiological dysfunction. The skeletal muscle proteome has been extensively studied in relation to myogenesis, fiber type specification, muscle transitions, the effects of physical exercise, disuse atrophy, neuromuscular disorders, muscle co-morbidities and sarcopenia of old age. Since muscle tissue accounts for approximately 40% of body mass in humans, alterations in the skeletal muscle proteome have considerable influence on whole-body physiology. This review outlines the main bioanalytical avenues taken in the proteomic characterization of skeletal muscle tissues, including top-down proteomics focusing on the characterization of intact proteoforms and their post-translational modifications, bottom-up proteomics, which is a peptide-centric method concerned with the large-scale detection of proteins in complex mixtures, and subproteomics that examines the protein composition of distinct subcellular fractions. Mass spectrometric studies over the last two decades have decisively improved our general cell biological understanding of protein diversity and the heterogeneous composition of individual myofibers in skeletal muscles. This detailed proteomic knowledge can now be integrated with findings from other omics-type methodologies to establish a systems biological view of skeletal muscle function.

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“… 5 , 6 Mature skeletal muscles play an important role in movement, respiration, body temperature maintenance, and organ protection, and their biological functions are mainly manifested in muscle contraction, thermogenesis, and secretion of myokines. 7 In addition, under normal circumstances, the state of skeletal muscle tissue remains stable. However, muscle tissue undergoes atrophy, hypertrophy, or even myofiber death owing to exercise, injury, disease, or aging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skeletal muscle: molecular structure, myogenesis, biological functions, and diseases

Feng,

Chen,

Bian

2024

MedComm

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Skeletal muscle is an important motor organ with multinucleated myofibers as its smallest cellular units. Myofibers are formed after undergoing cell differentiation, cell–cell fusion, myonuclei migration, and myofibril crosslinking among other processes and undergo morphological and functional changes or lesions after being stimulated by internal or external factors. The above processes are collectively referred to as myogenesis. After myofibers mature, the function and behavior of skeletal muscle are closely related to the voluntary movement of the body. In this review, we systematically and comprehensively discuss the physiological and pathological processes associated with skeletal muscles from five perspectives: molecule basis, myogenesis, biological function, adaptive changes, and myopathy. In the molecular structure and myogenesis sections, we gave a brief overview, focusing on skeletal muscle‐specific fusogens and nuclei‐related behaviors including cell–cell fusion and myonuclei localization. Subsequently, we discussed the three biological functions of skeletal muscle (muscle contraction, thermogenesis, and myokines secretion) and its response to stimulation (atrophy, hypertrophy, and regeneration), and finally settled on myopathy. In general, the integration of these contents provides a holistic perspective, which helps to further elucidate the structure, characteristics, and functions of skeletal muscle.

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Skeletal muscle structure, physiology, and function

Cited by 8 publications

References 81 publications

How Can Proteomics Help to Elucidate the Pathophysiological Crosstalk in Muscular Dystrophy and Associated Multi-System Dysfunction?

How Can Proteomics Help to Elucidate the Pathophysiological Crosstalk in Muscular Dystrophy and Associated Multi-System Dysfunction?

Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomic Technology and Its Application to Study Skeletal Muscle Cell Biology

Skeletal muscle: molecular structure, myogenesis, biological functions, and diseases

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