Skeletal Muscle: Structure, Chemistry, and Function

Lieberman, James S.; Johnson, ER; Kilmer, David D.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4831-7818-9.50011-3

Cited by 21 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The adaptation of muscle to a chronic ''underload'' is atrophy. 20 This concept is evident in Figure 6 and is described both in the Figure 6 legend and with the following 7 times. (Time 1) Preinjury quadriceps volume may not be known precisely; however, a reasonable estimation may be determined from the uninvolved lower extremity.…”

Section: Discussion Partmentioning

confidence: 98%

Early Application of Negative Work via Eccentric Ergometry Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Case Report

Gerber

Marcus

Dibble

et al. 2006

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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Study Design: Case report.Objectives: To present a progressively increasing negative-work exercise program via eccentric ergometry early after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) and to suggest the potential of negative work to amplify the return of quadriceps size and strength. Case Description: The patient was a 26-year-old highly active recreational athlete who sustained an ACL tear while skiing in January 2004 and then again while skiing in February 2005. This individual underwent an arthroscopically assisted ACL-R with a double-loop semitendinosusgracilis autograft initially, then a patellar tendon autograft following his ACL graft rupture. Beginning within 3 weeks after surgery, a progressive negative-work exercise program was initiated using an eccentric ergometer. The patient completed 31 training sessions of 5 to 30 minutes in duration over a 12-week period following the ACL-R and 33 training sessions of the same frequency and duration following the ACL revision. Outcomes: Following ACL-R, quadriceps volume increased 28% (involved lower extremity) and 14% (uninvolved lower extremity) during the 12-week training program. Following revision, quadriceps volume returned to similar levels at the same postoperative period as those achieved after the initial surgery (2% less on the involved side and 2% greater on the uninvolved side). Quadriceps strength, 15 weeks after ACL-R, exceeded preoperative measures by an average of 20% (involved) and 14% (uninvolved). Quadriceps strength after ACL revision exceeded all previous measures. Discussion: This case report suggests that if gradually and progressively applied, negative work via eccentric ergometry can be both safe and efficacious early after ACL-R. Eccentric exercise may mitigate the prevalent muscle size and strength deficits commonly observed after ACL-R. The results of this case suggest a need for continued research with early negative work interventions following ACL-R.

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Section: Discussion Partmentioning

confidence: 98%

Early Application of Negative Work via Eccentric Ergometry Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Case Report

Gerber

Marcus

Dibble

et al. 2006

J Orthop Sports Phys Ther

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“…The repeated heel raise task performance revealed the extent of distal weakness in the participants. The ankle plantar flexors can generate a large magnitude of force based on the lever type of the ankle joint and the muscle architecture of the gastrocnemius [ 52 ]. Despite these physiologic advantages, 39/56 subjects (70%) were unable to perform a single limb heel raise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Function and Endurance in Adults with Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy: Validity of the Adult Myopathy Assessment Tool

Harris‐Love

Fernández-Rhodes

Joe

et al. 2014

Rehabilitation Research and Practice

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Purpose. The adult myopathy assessment tool (AMAT) is a performance-based battery comprised of functional and endurance subscales that can be completed in approximately 30 minutes without the use of specialized equipment. The purpose of this study was to determine the construct validity and internal consistency of the AMAT with a sample of adults with spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Methods. AMAT validity was assessed in 56-male participants with genetically confirmed SBMA (mean age, 53 ± 10 years). The participants completed the AMAT and assessments for disease status, strength, and functional status. Results. Lower AMAT scores were associated with longer disease duration (r = −0.29; P < 0.03) and lower serum androgen levels (r = 0.49–0.59; P < 0.001). The AMAT was significantly correlated with strength and functional status (r = 0.82–0.88; P < 0.001). The domains of the AMAT exhibited good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.77–0.89; P < 0.001). Conclusions. The AMAT is a standardized, performance-based tool that may be used to assess functional limitations and muscle endurance. The AMAT has good internal consistency, and the construct validity of the AMAT is supported by its significant associations with hormonal, strength, and functional characteristics of adults with SBMA. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00303446.

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“…The contractile force-velocity model supports this as eccentric muscle contractions can produce 1.4–1.8 times more force than concentric muscle contractions. 27 The pilot study showed that maximum horizontal eccentric force was 1.12 kN or 93.1% BM. This is much larger than the force production capabilities of commercially available devices and thus was the reason the HET device was designed to produce forces up to 2.8 kN.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Construction of an isokinetic horizontal eccentric towing device to improve sprinting performance

Tinwala

Haemmerle

Cronin

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P:

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Horizontal eccentric towing (HET) is a novel modality that delivers an eccentric overload to the musculature as an athlete attempts to move forward in a sprint stance whilst being pulled backwards. A device, called the HET, has been developed to automate this movement. Similar to a winch retracting an anchor on a boat, the HET device pulls an athlete that is tethered inwards and the athlete must resist this motion in a maximal manner, whilst maintaining a sprint stance. The HET device provides an isokinetic training modality by towing athletes inwards at a constant velocity. The HET device is operated by an electric 10 kW AC synchronous servo gearmotor. The motor is controlled by a variable speed drive (VSD) and programmable logic controller (PLC), which allow for accurate speed, position and torque control. A touchscreen PC runs the user interface displaying real-time force and speed measures. The HET device can produce a maximum towing force of 2.8 kN at ground velocities of up to 3.58 m/s. There is a separate safety PLC that triggers a safety-rated brake system when the E-stop buttons are pushed. This is paramount for athlete safety. In this technical note, the components used in the construction of the HET device will be detailed and insights into a novel stimulus will be offered, as well as a guide to develop and automate similar eccentric movements.

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Skeletal Muscle: Structure, Chemistry, and Function

Cited by 21 publications

References 52 publications

Early Application of Negative Work via Eccentric Ergometry Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Case Report

Early Application of Negative Work via Eccentric Ergometry Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Case Report

Assessing Function and Endurance in Adults with Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy: Validity of the Adult Myopathy Assessment Tool

Construction of an isokinetic horizontal eccentric towing device to improve sprinting performance

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