Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, antioxidant enzymes, and exercise training

Laughlin, M. Harold; Simpson, Tamara; Sexton, William L.; Brown, Olen R.; Smith, Jessica; Korthuis, Ronald J.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1990.68.6.2337

Cited by 203 publications

(152 citation statements)

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“…Several authors have reported the change in enzymatic antioxidant defenses in response to the exercise. 39,40 In view of the obtained results, we can affirm that acute physical exercise caused different effects in the skeletal muscle and lungs of mice, as demonstrated by the levels of TBARS and antioxidant defenses. In fact, TBARS levels in the skeletal muscle remained increased until 24 h after exercise, while in lungs TBARS levels increased only up to 1 h after exercise.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Antioxidant effect of diphenyl diselenide on oxidative stress caused by acute physical exercise in skeletal muscle and lungs of mice

Prigol

Luchese

Nogueira

2009

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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This study was designed to examine if diphenyl diselenide (PhSe) 2 , an organoselenium compound, attenuates oxidative stress caused by acute physical exercise in skeletal muscle and lungs of mice. Swiss mice were pre-treated with (PhSe) 2 (5 mg kg -1 day -1 ) for 7 days. At the 7th day, the animals were submitted to acute physical exercise which consisted of continuous swimming for 20 min. The animals were euthanized 1 and 24 h after the exercise test. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS), non-protein thiols (NPSH) and ascorbic acid and the activity of catalase (CAT) were measured in the lungs and skeletal muscle of mice. Glycogen content was determined in the skeletal muscle of mice. Parameters in plasma (urea and creatinine) were determined. The results demonstrated an increase in TBARS levels induced by acute physical exercise in the skeletal muscle and lungs of mice. Animals submitted to exercise showed an increase in non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses (NPSH and ascorbic acid) in the skeletal muscle. In lungs of mice, activity of CAT was increased. (PhSe) 2 protected against the increase in TBARS levels and ameliorated antioxidant defenses in the skeletal muscle and lungs of mice submitted to physical exercise. These results indicate that acute physical exercise caused a tissue-specific oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle and lungs of mice. (PhSe) 2 protected against oxidative damage induced by acute physical exercise in mice.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Antioxidant effect of diphenyl diselenide on oxidative stress caused by acute physical exercise in skeletal muscle and lungs of mice

Prigol

Luchese

Nogueira

2009

Cell Biochemistry & Function

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“…While a few studies suggest that endurance training does not elevate SOD activity in skeletal muscles (Alessio & Goldfarb, 1988;Ji et al 1988;Laughlin et al 1990), most studies indicate a training-induced increase in total SOD activity (Jenkins, 1983;Higuchi et al 1985;Powers et al 1992;Criswell et al 1993;Leeuwenburgh et al 1994Leeuwenburgh et al , 1997Powers et al 1994a,b;Oh-ishi et al 1997a,b).…”

Section: Superoxide Dismutasementioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of cellular responses to free radicals: focus on exercise and skeletal muscle

1999

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Muscular exercise results in an increased production of radicals and other forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recent evidence suggests that radicals and other ROS are an underlying aetiology in exercise-induced disturbances in muscle redox status. These exercise-induced redox disturbances in skeletal muscle are postulated to contribute to both muscle fatigue and/or exercise-induced muscle injury. To defend against ROS, muscle cells contain complex cellular defence mechanisms to reduce the risk of oxidative injury. Two major classes (enzymic and non-enzymic) of endogenous protective mechanisms work together to reduce the harmful effects of oxidants in the cell. Primary antioxidant enzymes include superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1; SOD), GSH peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9; GPX), and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6); these enzymes are responsible for removing superoxide radicals, H2O2 and organic hydroperoxides, and H2O2 respectively. Important non-enzymic antioxidants include vitamins E and C, β-carotene, GSH and ubiquinones. Vitamin E, β-carotene and ubiquinone are located in lipid regions of the cell, whereas GSH and vitamin C are in aqueous compartments of the cell. Regular endurance training promotes an increase in both total SOD and GPX activity in actively-recruited skeletal muscles. High-intensity exercise training has been shown to be generally superior to low-intensity exercise in the upregulation of muscle SOD and GPX activities. Also, training-induced upregulation of antioxidant enzymes is limited to highly-oxidative skeletal muscles. The effects of endurance training on non-enzymic antioxidants remain a relatively uninvestigated area.

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“…Most studies show that GPX activity is inducible by chronic exercise training in skeletal muscle, including the diaphragm (22,26,79,81,110,112,118). However, GPX adaptation to training appears highly muscle fiberspecific.…”

Section: Antioxidant Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise and oxidative stress: Sources of free radicals and their impact on antioxidant systems

Leichtweis

1997

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Strenuous exercise is characterized by increased oxygen consumption and the disturbance between intracellular pro-oxidant and antioxidant homeostasis. At lease three biochemical pathways (i.e., mitochondrial electron transport chain, xanthine oxidase, and polymorphoneutrophil) have been identified as potential sources of intracellular free radical generation during exercise. These deleterious reactive oxygen species pose a serious threat to the cellular antioxidant defense system, such as diminished reserves of antioxidant vitamins and glutathione. However, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants have demonstrated great versitility and adaptability in response to acute and chronic exercise. The delicate balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants suggests that supplementation with antioxidants may be desirable for physically active individuals under certain physiological conditions by providing a larger protective margin.

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Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity, antioxidant enzymes, and exercise training

Cited by 203 publications

References 0 publications

Antioxidant effect of diphenyl diselenide on oxidative stress caused by acute physical exercise in skeletal muscle and lungs of mice

Antioxidant effect of diphenyl diselenide on oxidative stress caused by acute physical exercise in skeletal muscle and lungs of mice

Analysis of cellular responses to free radicals: focus on exercise and skeletal muscle

Exercise and oxidative stress: Sources of free radicals and their impact on antioxidant systems

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