Skeletal muscle cold shock and heat shock protein mRNA response to aerobic exercise in different environmental temperatures

Abstract

The response of cold shock proteins to exercise and environmental temperature in human skeletal muscle is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the early mRNA response of human stress proteins to endurance exercise and environmental temperatures. Seven recreationally trained males cycled for 1 hour at 60% VO 2peak in 7°C, 20°C, and 33°C with biopsies taken preand 3 hours post-exercise. Gene expression for heat shock and cold shock proteins were analyzed using qRT-PCR on muscle biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis. RBM3 mRNA was reduced 1.43 ± 0.10 fold (p = 0.006) while there was a trend for CIRP to decrease1.27 ± 0.14 fold (p = 0.059) from pre-to 3 h post-exercise. CIRP and RBM3 mRNA were not different between temperatures (p = 0.273 and p = 0.686, respectively). HSP70 mRNA was 2.27 ± 0.23 fold higher 3 h post-exercise when compared to pre-exercise (p = 0.002) but was not significantly different between temperatures (p = 0.103). HSP27, HSP90, and HSF1 mRNA did not change from pre-to post-exercise (p = 0.052, p = 0.324, p = 0.795) and were not different between temperatures (p = 0.247, p = 0.134, p = 0.808). These data indicate that exposure to mild heat and cold during aerobic exercise have limited effect on the skeletal muscle mRNA expression of heat shock and cold shock proteins. However, skeletal muscle mRNA of cold shock proteins decrease, while HSP70 mRNA increases in response to a low to moderate intensity aerobic exercise bout. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…In another study, it was found that there was an increase in Hsp 70 level due to heat stress of exercise (31). It is also reported that there was an increase in Hsp70 after low and moderate intensity exercises (32). In a study conducted on animals, it was found that exhaustion exercise did not produce a statistically significant change in Hsp70 level (33).…”

Angiostatic freeze or angiogenic move? Acute cold stress prevents angiokine secretion from murine myotubes but primes primary endothelial cells for greater migratory capacity

“…The RNA-binding motif 3 (RBM3) protein is a cold stress marker ( Wellmann et al, 2004 ; Dupont-Versteegden et al, 2008 ; Ferry et al, 2011 ; Zhu et al, 2016 ; Cuthbert et al, 2019 ). RBM3 protein was detected in C2C12 myotubes exposed for 6h and 24 h to cold stress (28°C) or maintained at 37°C ( Figure 2A ).…”

“…In our study, we have investigated the impact of cold on a broader range of angiokines combining ex vivo and in vitro models with well-controlled temperatures. Intramuscular temperature can vary significantly based on muscle type, cooling protocol, temperature measurement methodology, depth of tissue insertion of the thermal probe ( Barcroft and Edholm, 1946 ; Clarke et al, 1958 ; Ihsan et al, 2014 ; Castellani and Young, 2016 ; Cuthbert et al, 2019 ; Freitag et al, 2021 ). We chose to drop our cell culture temperature by 9°C based on previous studies documenting drops in human intramuscular temperature from 37–38°C to 28–30°C after cold water immersion ( Barcroft and Edholm, 1946 ; Ihsan et al, 2014 ).…”

“…We chose to drop our cell culture temperature by 9°C based on previous studies documenting drops in human intramuscular temperature from 37–38°C to 28–30°C after cold water immersion ( Barcroft and Edholm, 1946 ; Ihsan et al, 2014 ). Although the RNA-binding motif protein-3 (RBM3) was reported to also sense hypoxia and contractile activity ( Wellmann et al, 2004 ; Zhu et al, 2016 ; Cuthbert et al, 2019 ), it was reported as a good marker of cold stress in C2C12 myoblasts ( Cuthbert et al, 2019 ), in the skeletal muscle of hibernating black bears facing extreme environmental temperatures ( Fedorov et al, 2009 ), as well as in human endothelial cells ( Zieger et al, 2011 ). Here, the 9°C drop in temperature efficiently increased the expression of RBM3 in C2C12 myotubes, primary skeletal muscle endothelial cells, and vastus lateralis biopsies, confirming that our experimental conditions elicited a cold stress response.…”

The effect of progressive endurance training and extract of black winter truffle on proteins levels and expression of hippocampus α-synuclein and HSF1 in the healthy and diabetic rats

“…Literature review shows that few studies are carried out on the effect of exercise on HSF1; some studies have reported that acute exercise can activate HSF1 in the myocardium [ 19 ]. However, some studies showed that an aerobic exercise bout [ 20 ] and two days of treadmill running at 70% VO 2 max [ 21 ] does not exert an effect on skeletal muscle and cardiac HSF1 levels, respectively.…”