Skeletal Muscle–Adipose Tissue–Tumor Axis: Molecular Mechanisms Linking Exercise Training in Prostate Cancer

Rocha-Rodrigues, Sílvia; Matos, Andreia; Afonso, José; Mendes-Ferreira, Miguel; Abade, Eduardo; Teixeira, Eduardo; Silva, Bruno; Murawska-Ciałowicz, Eugenia; Oliveira, Maria José; Ribeiro, Ricardo

doi:10.3390/ijms22094469

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 189 publications

(296 reference statements)

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“…Rocha-Rodrigues et al proposed that exercise training reduces visceral fat volume, increases skeletal muscle mass in patients with PCa, and improves the tumor microenvironment. Exercise training influences PCa progression by modulating the secretion of adipokines from PPAT and other adipose tissues and the secretion of myokines from skeletal muscles 80 . In addition, the participation of patients with PCa in exercise training after diagnosis may improve their survival 81 .…”

Section: Some Elements That Indirectly (Through Ppat) or Directly Aff...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Periprostatic Adipose Tissue: A New Perspective for Diagnosing and Treating Prostate Cancer

Cao,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

J. Cancer

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Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common tumor of the male genitourinary system. It will eventually progress to fatal metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, for which treatment options are limited. Adipose tissues are distributed in various parts of the body. They have different morphological structures and functional characteristics and are associated with the development of various tumors. Periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) is the closest white visceral adipose tissue to the prostate and is part of the PCa tumor microenvironment. Studies have shown that PPAT is involved in PCa development, progression, invasion, and metastasis through the secretion of multiple active molecules. Factors such as obesity, diet, exercise, and organochlorine pesticides can affect the development of PCa indirectly or directly through PPAT. Based on the mechanism of PPAT's involvement in regulating PCa, this review summarized various diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for PCa with potential applications to assess the progression of patients' disease and improve clinical outcomes.

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Section: Some Elements That Indirectly (Through Ppat) or Directly Aff...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Periprostatic Adipose Tissue: A New Perspective for Diagnosing and Treating Prostate Cancer

Cao,

Wang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

J. Cancer

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“…Recently, with the emergence of omics-based strategies, new exercise-induced myokines are gradually being identified in the muscle secretome [ 202 – 206 ]. Although the evidence, that exercise-driven myokines may play a role in cancer prevention or therapy, is still limited, several preclinical studies have indicated muscle-derived Oncostatin M (OSM) and Irisin may be effective against prostate and breast cancer [ 183 , 207 – 210 ]. In addition, the myokine secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) produced by exercise training has been identified as an anticancer factor, as evidenced by decreased tumorigenesis in trained mice bearing colon cancer [ 211 – 213 ].…”

Section: The Interplay Between Activity–rest Cycles and Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian rhythms and cancers: the intrinsic links and therapeutic potentials

et al. 2022

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The circadian rhythm is an evolutionarily conserved time-keeping system that comprises a wide variety of processes including sleep–wake cycles, eating–fasting cycles, and activity–rest cycles, coordinating the behavior and physiology of all organs for whole-body homeostasis. Acute disruption of circadian rhythm may lead to transient discomfort, whereas long-term irregular circadian rhythm will result in the dysfunction of the organism, therefore increasing the risks of numerous diseases especially cancers. Indeed, both epidemiological and experimental evidence has demonstrated the intrinsic link between dysregulated circadian rhythm and cancer. Accordingly, a rapidly increasing understanding of the molecular mechanisms of circadian rhythms is opening new options for cancer therapy, possibly by modulating the circadian clock. In this review, we first describe the general regulators of circadian rhythms and their functions on cancer. In addition, we provide insights into the mechanisms underlying how several types of disruption of the circadian rhythm (including sleep–wake, eating–fasting, and activity–rest) can drive cancer progression, which may expand our understanding of cancer development from the clock perspective. Moreover, we also summarize the potential applications of modulating circadian rhythms for cancer treatment, which may provide an optional therapeutic strategy for cancer patients.

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“…It is imperative that the impact of lifestyle and long-term health outcomes continue to be studied and results disseminated to the public. The role of PA in protection from cancer has continued to receive considerable attention with new insight into the molecular mechanisms, and research on the signalling effects of adipokines and myokines becoming more prominent ( 6 ). However, despite unhealthy lifestyle choices generally being well known to increase risk of cancer, there is not a full and consistent understanding of this across society and knowledge of how this may translate into daily sensible choices is not so well developed ( 7 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital interventions to moderate physical inactivity and/or nutrition in young people: a Cancer Prevention Europe overview of systematic reviews

McDermott

Noake

Wolff

et al. 2023

Front. Digit. Health

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BackgroundStrategies to increase physical activity (PA) and improve nutrition would contribute to substantial health benefits in the population, including reducing the risk of several types of cancers. The increasing accessibility of digital technologies mean that these tools could potentially facilitate the improvement of health behaviours among young people.ObjectiveWe conducted a review of systematic reviews to assess the available evidence on digital interventions aimed at increasing physical activity and good nutrition in sub-populations of young people (school-aged children, college/university students, young adults only (over 18 years) and both adolescent and young adults (<25 years)).MethodsSearches for systematic reviews were conducted across relevant databases including KSR Evidence (www.ksrevidence.com), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE; CRD). Records were independently screened by title and abstract by two reviewers and those deemed eligible were obtained for full text screening. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed with the Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Systematic Reviews (ROBIS) tool. We employed a narrative analysis and developed evidence gap maps.ResultsTwenty-four reviews were included with at least one for each sub-population and employing a range of digital interventions. The quality of evidence was limited with only one of the 24 of reviews overall judged as low RoB. Definitions of “digital intervention” greatly varied across systematic reviews with some reported interventions fitting into more than one category (i.e., an internet intervention could also be a mobile phone or computer intervention), however definitions as reported in the relevant reviews were used. No reviews reported cancer incidence or related outcomes. Available evidence was limited both by sub-population and type of intervention, but evidence was most pronounced in school-aged children. In school-aged children eHealth interventions, defined as school-based programmes delivered by the internet, computers, tablets, mobile technology, or tele-health methods, improved outcomes. Accelerometer-measured (Standardised Mean Difference [SMD] 0.33, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.05 to 0.61) and self-reported (SMD: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.23) PA increased, as did fruit and vegetable intake (SMD: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.19) (review rated as low RoB, minimal to considerable heterogeneity across results). No difference was reported for consumption of fat post-intervention (SMD: −0.06, 95% CI: −0.15 to 0.03) or sugar sweetened beverages(SSB) and snack consumption combined post-intervention (SMD: −0.02, 95% CI:–0.10 to 0.06),or at the follow up (studies reported 2 weeks to 36 months follow-up) after the intervention (SMD:–0.06, 95% CI: −0.15 to 0.03) (review rated low ROB, minimal to substantial heterogeneity across results). Smartphone based interventions utilising Short Messaging Service (SMS), app or combined approaches also improved PA measured using objective and subjective methods (SMD: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.11 to 0.77) when compared to controls, with increases in total PA [weighted mean difference (WMD) 32.35 min per day, 95% CI: 10.36 to 54.33] and in daily steps (WMD: 1,185, 95% CI: 303 to 2,068) (review rated as high RoB, moderate to substantial heterogeneity across results). For all results, interpretation has limitations in terms of RoB and presence of unexplained heterogeneity.ConclusionsThis review of reviews has identified limited evidence that suggests some potential for digital interventions to increase PA and, to lesser extent, improve nutrition in school-aged children. However, effects can be small and based on less robust evidence. The body of evidence is characterised by a considerable level of heterogeneity, unclear/overlapping populations and intervention definitions, and a low methodological quality of systematic reviews. The heterogeneity across studies is further complicated when the age (older vs. more recent), interactivity (feedback/survey vs. no/less feedback/surveys), and accessibility (type of device) of the digital intervention is considered. This underscores the difficulty in synthesising evidence in a field with rapidly evolving technology and the resulting challenges in recommending the use of digital technology in public health. There is an urgent need for further research using contemporary technology and appropriate methods.

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Skeletal Muscle–Adipose Tissue–Tumor Axis: Molecular Mechanisms Linking Exercise Training in Prostate Cancer

Cited by 6 publications

References 189 publications

Periprostatic Adipose Tissue: A New Perspective for Diagnosing and Treating Prostate Cancer

Periprostatic Adipose Tissue: A New Perspective for Diagnosing and Treating Prostate Cancer

Circadian rhythms and cancers: the intrinsic links and therapeutic potentials

Digital interventions to moderate physical inactivity and/or nutrition in young people: a Cancer Prevention Europe overview of systematic reviews

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