“… * Some cases had more than one bone involvement (total number of bones involved were 326). Cases in references 55 and 133 are included in reference 65. Additionally 37 reports did not specify the bone. 12,18,31,38,47,51,65,68,80,86,93,132 …”
Although metastatic disease of the foot is rare, it should be considered in the diagnosis of a painful foot, especially if suspicious radiographic changes are present in an older patient. The common primary sites are the genito-urinary, lungs, breast, and the colo-rectum. Treatment is usually palliative to reduce pain and maintain function.
“… * Some cases had more than one bone involvement (total number of bones involved were 326). Cases in references 55 and 133 are included in reference 65. Additionally 37 reports did not specify the bone. 12,18,31,38,47,51,65,68,80,86,93,132 …”
Although metastatic disease of the foot is rare, it should be considered in the diagnosis of a painful foot, especially if suspicious radiographic changes are present in an older patient. The common primary sites are the genito-urinary, lungs, breast, and the colo-rectum. Treatment is usually palliative to reduce pain and maintain function.
“…The lung has been reported to be the main primary source of metastases to the hand (Copeland, 1931; Kerin, 1987). However haematological malignancies, in particular diffuse large B cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma, were the main sources of distal metastases in our study, followed by lung cancer.…”
We analysed the differences in clinical presentation between proximal (above elbow) and distal (below elbow) upper limb metastases in a retrospective review of patients presenting to our centre from 2011 to 2019. There were 55 cases, 64% involving the humerus and 62% occurring in men. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 64 years. Thirty-one per cent of the cases were proximal lesions. Distal upper limb metastases were more likely to be soft tissue lesions (71%) compared with proximal lesions (8%). The median age of patients with distal lesions was significantly lower at 58 years compared with 65 years for proximal lesions. Overall, non-small cell lung carcinoma was the most common primary malignancy (25%), however haematological cancers were most common in the distal group (29%). Distal upper limb metastases have distinct features that distinguish them from proximal lesions. Level of evidence: IV
“…However, in some, but not all, of these cases there was evidence of a co-existing lymphoma. Bence Jones proteinuria has been found in cases of bronchial carcinoma (Copeland, 1931;Hughes, 1954).…”
Section: Occurrence Of Anomalous Serum and Urinarymentioning
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