Skeletal Maturation and Mineralisation of Children with Moderate to Severe Spastic Quadriplegia

Sharawat, Indar Kumar; Sitaraman, Sadasivan

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2016/18620.7921

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…4 a, b). The result, which is consistent with the evidence that 83.33% of malnourished subjects showed delayed SA [ 42 ], could be explained by insufficient nutrient intake. Concerning the result that children with normal weight had lower SA than CA, a longitudinal study that significant differences in BMI emerged earlier (by age 2 to 5 years) than relative SA could be an explanation [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Accelerated skeletal maturation is associated with overweight and obesity as early as preschool age: a cross-sectional study

Cai

et al. 2020

BMC Pediatr

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Background Body mass index (BMI) and skeletal age (SA) are important indicators of individual growth and maturation. Although the results have not been unified, most studies indicated that accelerated skeletal maturation is associated with overweight/obesity. However, there have so far been insufficient studies about the association between accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity in preschoolers, particularly Asian children. A cross-sectional study was conducted on Chinese children to verify the association between accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity at preschool age. Methods The study involved 1330 participants aged 3.1–6.6 years old (730 males and 600 females) in Shanghai, China. The skeletal age was determined according to the method of TW3-C RUS. Accelerated skeletal maturation was defined as relative SA (SA minus chronological age [CA]) ≥1.0 years. BMI was classified as thinness, normal weight, overweight, and obesity according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) BMI cut-offs. The Chi-square was performed to determine the statistically significant difference in the frequency of accelerated skeletal maturation in BMI and age categories. The logistic regression model analyzed the association between accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity. Results The percentage of accelerated skeletal maturation increased with BMI (7.8% of children in thinness group had accelerated skeletal maturation; the percentage increased to 30.8% in obese group. x2 = 89.442, df = 3, P < 0.01) and age group (at age 3.5, 3.5% of participants had accelerated skeletal maturation; at age 6.0 years, this increased to 27.8%. x2 = 43.417, df = 5, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that children with overweight and obesity are more likely to have accelerated skeletal maturation than children with normal weight after adjusting for gender and age (Overweight, odds ratio [OR] = 3.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.20–4.87; Obese, OR = 4.73, 95% CI: 2.99–7.48). Conclusions There is an association between accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity among preschool children. This study suggests that accelerated skeletal maturation might coexist with overweight/obesity in preschool children, and interventions, such as dietary modifications and increasing levels of physical activity, should be employed to prevent both accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity as early as preschool age.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Accelerated skeletal maturation is associated with overweight and obesity as early as preschool age: a cross-sectional study

Cai

et al. 2020

BMC Pediatr

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“…Conversely, as shown in the results, 69.6% and 64.7% of children with thin and normal-weight had lower SA than CA, respectively (Figure 4a, 4b). The result, which is consistent with the evidence that 83.33% of malnourished subjects showed delayed SA [43], could be explained by insu cient nutrient intake. Concerning the result that children with normal weight had lower SA than CA, a longitudinal study that signi cant differences in BMI emerged earlier (by age 2 to 5 years) than relative SA could be an explanation [44].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Accelerated skeletal maturation is associated with overweight and obesity as early as preschool age: a cross-sectional study

Cai

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Body mass index (BMI) and skeletal age (SA) are important indicators of individual growth and maturation. Although the results have not been unified, most studies indicated that accelerated skeletal maturation is associated with overweight/obesity. However, there have so far been insufficient studies about the association between accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity in preschoolers, particularly Asian children. A cross-sectional study was conducted on Chinese children to verify the association between accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity at preschool age.Methods: The study involved 1330 participants aged 3.1-6.6 years old (730 males and 600 females) in Shanghai, China. The skeletal age was determined according to the method of TW3-C RUS. Accelerated skeletal maturation was defined as relative SA (SA minus chronological age [CA]) ≥1.0 years. BMI was classified as thinness, normal weight, overweight, and obesity according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) BMI cut-offs. The Chi-square was performed to determine the statistically significant difference in the frequency of accelerated skeletal maturation in BMI and age categories. The logistic regression model analyzed the association between accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity.Results: The percentage of accelerated skeletal maturation increased with BMI (7.8% of children in thinness group had accelerated skeletal maturation; the percentage increased to 30.8% in obese group. x2 = 89.442, df = 3, P <0.01) and age group (at age 3.5, 3.5% of participants had accelerated skeletal maturation; at age 6.0 years, this increased to 27.8%. x2 = 43.417, df = 5, P <0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that children with overweight and obesity are more likely to have accelerated skeletal maturation than children with normal weight after adjusting for gender and age (Overweight, odds ratio [OR] = 3.27, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.20-4.87; Obese, OR = 4.73, 95% CI: 2.99-7.48). Conclusions: There is an association between accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity among preschool children. This study suggests that accelerated skeletal maturation might coexist with overweight/obesity in preschool children, and interventions, such as dietary modifications and increasing levels of physical activity, should be employed to prevent both accelerated skeletal maturation and overweight/obesity as early as preschool age.

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“…Studies have suggested several factors that may be responsible for a reduction in BMC/BMD in children with neurological disorders [30,31]. These include undernourishment, insufficient calcium and vitamin D intake, side effects of medications [31], insufficient lean mass [32] and less participation in physical activity [30]. Our DCD and control groups had similar calcium intake and vitamin D absorption, and methylphenidate (Ritalin and Concerta) medication have no direct side effects on the developing musculoskeletal system [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…As the etiology of DCD is associated with neuropathology such as cerebellar and basal ganglia dysfunctions [29], it is unlikely that brain dysfunction directly impairs bone mineral metabolism. Studies have suggested several factors that may be responsible for a reduction in BMC/BMD in children with neurological disorders [30,31]. These include undernourishment, insufficient calcium and vitamin D intake, side effects of medications [31], insufficient lean mass [32] and less participation in physical activity [30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of activity participation determines bone mineral content in the lower limbs of pre-pubertal children with developmental coordination disorder

et al. 2017

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Skeletal Maturation and Mineralisation of Children with Moderate to Severe Spastic Quadriplegia

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Accelerated skeletal maturation is associated with overweight and obesity as early as preschool age: a cross-sectional study

Accelerated skeletal maturation is associated with overweight and obesity as early as preschool age: a cross-sectional study

Accelerated skeletal maturation is associated with overweight and obesity as early as preschool age: a cross-sectional study

Diversity of activity participation determines bone mineral content in the lower limbs of pre-pubertal children with developmental coordination disorder

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