Skeletal isomerization of 1-butene on 12-tungstophosphoric acid supported on zirconia

López-Salinas, E.; Hernández-Cortéz, J.G.; Cortés-Jácome, M.A.; Navarrete, Juan T. López; Llanos, M. E.; Espinoza-Vázquez, Araceli; Armendáriz, H.; López, T.

doi:10.1016/s0926-860x(98)00198-7

Cited by 55 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…[18]. Also, the addition of PWA on hydrated fresh ZrO 2 has been examined [19] confirming the formation of strong solid acids as an Hammet acidity of about H 0 ‡ -9.3. The parameters that influence the PWA-ZrO 2 interaction are mainly the host matrix type and the calcination conditions that represent some of these important aspects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Synthesised ZrO 2 , although it was calcined, presents the endothermic signal centred at 62 C (peak I), attributed to the dehydration and dehydroxylation processes [19]. It could be due to a nonoptimal handling of the material that adsorbed again a certain amount of water from the ambience.…”

Section: Impregnated Powdersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the PWA presence in the impregnated compound delays the crystallisation of the ZrO 2 and shifts the peak at a higher temperature, but it disappears with a high PWA content (>25% w/w), so the high PWA loading (30 and 45% w/w) used here could explain the disappearance of the peak. A small exothermic peak (peak II) appears for the 45% HPW/Zr powder that some authors [19,38] attribute to the interaction between PWA protons reacting with the =Zr-OH surface groups to form water or to the interaction between terminals oxygen atoms of W=O bound with the surface =Zr + species.…”

Section: Impregnated Powdersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphotungstic Acid Supported on a Nanopowdered ZrO₂ as a Filler in Nafion‐Based Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

et al. 2008

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An inorganic filler prepared by impregnation of phosphotungstic heteropolyacid on zirconia (HPW/Zr) was developed to be inserted into a perfluorosulphonic polymer matrix for a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) operating at a medium temperature (80–120 °C) and low relative humidity (RH). Two different phosphotungstic acid (PWA) loadings (30 and 45% w/w) were anchored on a nanopowdered ZrO2. Such compounds were characterised by different techniques: differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX) and porosity and surface area by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), to verify the introduction and anchorage of PWA on ZrO2. Two composite Nafion membranes were prepared and characterised in terms of chemical–physical characteristics and electrochemical tests. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) provided evidence that HPW/Zr had been incorporated into composite membranes and it was not eluted. A good proton conductivity of about 6 × 10–3 S cm–1 at 120 °C and 25% RH was recorded.Accelerated in situ ageing tests highlighted a good electrochemical stability (more than 150 cycles at 90 °C with dry gases) of the composite membranes with a slow decay and a reasonable integrity of the analysed membrane‐electrodes assembly (MEA). Finally, a post‐mortem SEM–EDX analysis on MEAs confirmed the presence of HPW/Zr in the membrane after the in situ testing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Impregnated Powdersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impregnated Powdersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phosphotungstic Acid Supported on a Nanopowdered ZrO₂ as a Filler in Nafion‐Based Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

et al. 2008

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“…Brønsted acid sites are created due to the presence of small clusters of TPA, while the Lewis acid sites might be due to the interaction of dispersed TPA with MCM-41 framework [36,39]. The weak peak appearing at 1,543 cm -1 is responsible for Brønsted acid sites (pyridinum ion) [40]. The peak at 1,635 cm -1 in the spectrum of the catalyst before treatment with pyridine ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

12-Tungstophosphoric acid supported on nano sized MCM-41 as an efficient and reusable solid acid catalyst for the three-component imino Diels–Alder reaction

Abdollahi‐Alibeik

Pouriayevali

2011

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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One pot three-component imino Diels-Alder reactions of various types of aldehydes, aniline and dihydropyrane were studied in the presence of nano sized MCM-41 supported 12-tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) as solid acid catalyst. MCM-41 as solid support was synthesized in nano size and the catalysts with different loading amounts of TPA (5-30 wt%) were prepared and characterized by XRD, FT-IR and SEM techniques. The results confirm a good dispersion of the heteropoly acid on the solid supports and based on the experimental results, the catalyst with 10 wt% heteropoly acid shows the best catalytic activity using 0.5 mol% heteropoly acid relative to the aldehyde. The recovery experiments show that the catalyst is reusable after calcination without significant loss in its activity.

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“…379 When TPA was supported on ZrO 2 , the resulting catalyst was active for skeletal IS of 1-butene. 385 A 5-25% yield of isobutene could be obtained at 400 1C with an H 2 :1-butene ratio of 1:1. Catalysts prepare using ZrO 2 only and TPA/SiO 2 were not active for skeletal IS of 1-butene.…”

Section: Other Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Catalysis in the Upgrading of Fischer–Tropsch Syncrude

2010

Catalysis in the Refining of Fischer-Tropsch Syncrude

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The catalysis of conversion technologies that are found in most commercial Fischer–Tropsch upgrading and refining facilities are discussed. Four main classes of catalysis are considered, namely a) alkene oligomerisation, b) isomerisation and hydroisomerisation of alkanes and alkenes, c) cracking and hydrocracking, and d) hydrotreating. The focus is on catalysis, with aspects such as oxygenates, oxygenate related deactivation, commercial processes and Fischer–Tropsch application specifics being highlighted.

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Skeletal isomerization of 1-butene on 12-tungstophosphoric acid supported on zirconia

Cited by 55 publications

References 38 publications

Phosphotungstic Acid Supported on a Nanopowdered ZrO₂ as a Filler in Nafion‐Based Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Phosphotungstic Acid Supported on a Nanopowdered ZrO₂ as a Filler in Nafion‐Based Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

12-Tungstophosphoric acid supported on nano sized MCM-41 as an efficient and reusable solid acid catalyst for the three-component imino Diels–Alder reaction

Catalysis in the Upgrading of Fischer–Tropsch Syncrude

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Skeletal isomerization of 1-butene on 12-tungstophosphoric acid supported on zirconia

Cited by 55 publications

References 38 publications

Phosphotungstic Acid Supported on a Nanopowdered ZrO2 as a Filler in Nafion‐Based Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Phosphotungstic Acid Supported on a Nanopowdered ZrO2 as a Filler in Nafion‐Based Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

12-Tungstophosphoric acid supported on nano sized MCM-41 as an efficient and reusable solid acid catalyst for the three-component imino Diels–Alder reaction

Catalysis in the Upgrading of Fischer–Tropsch Syncrude

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Phosphotungstic Acid Supported on a Nanopowdered ZrO₂ as a Filler in Nafion‐Based Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells

Phosphotungstic Acid Supported on a Nanopowdered ZrO₂ as a Filler in Nafion‐Based Membranes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells