Skeletal defect at mid-trimester ultrasound scan

Brandão, Pedro; Soares, Elisa; Estevinho, Catarina; Freixo, Marília; Carvalho, Ana Portela; Ferreira, MariaJoão

doi:10.4103/jmu.jmu_44_18

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 0 publications

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“…Figure 7A shows the CW Doppler scheme proposed by 32 for the detection of blood velocity in an artery; the emitter sends a frontal ultrasound wave

f_{0}

toward the flow direction with an angle of incidence

θ

concerning the skin surface, and when the wave is reflected by the blood, the detector perceives a change in frequency

Δ f

given by

Δ f = 2 f_{0} \frac{ν}{c} \cos θ,

where

ν

is the speed of blood flow, c is the speed of sound over soft tissue ranging from 1540 to 1600 m/s, 33 and

θ

, known as the insonation angle has an approximate value of

45 \pm 4^{°}

34,35 …”

Section: Experiments and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where ν is the speed of blood flow, c is the speed of sound over soft tissue ranging from 1540 to 1600 m/s, 33 and θ, known as the insonation angle has an approximate value of 45 AE 4 . 34,35 Regarding the velocity in a normal artery, the peak velocity in systole takes hundredths of a second after the stage of contraction of the ventricular chamber. The blood velocity profile provides three speeds: time average maximum speed (TAMV), systolic or peak velocity (PSV), and end-diastolic velocity (EDV).…”

Section: Doppler Signal Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptive Doppler bio‐signal detector and time‐frequency representation based on non‐Liènard oscillator

Pancóatl‐Bortolotti,

Enríquez‐Caldera,

Costa

et al. 2023

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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The work presented here provides the guidelines and results for designing and implementing a highly sensitive modified Van der Pol – Duffing oscillator with a trigonometric damping function (VTD). This VTD can exhibit periodic and quasi‐chaotic behavior necessary for application in weak signal detection. Here, we present two proposals: (1) A method based on a quasi‐chaotic intermittent array (ANLIOA), whose all VTD parameters are calculated and fine‐tuned toward a critical state between chaotic and periodic state through a Lyapunov exponent procedure, and (2) A method based on a single oscillator in an adaptive stopping oscillation system (ANLSOS), where VTD is established within an oscillatory regime. Both systems can detect non‐stationary signals while reconstructing the time‐frequency spectrogram in high resolution within severe noise conditions. The systems were adapted for the detection of a synthesized Doppler signal corresponding to the blood flow velocity profile from an artery. Comparative results using typical oscillators such as Duffing or Van der Pol demonstrate the superiority of the VTD oscillator in detection when used for both methods, whose mean absolute percentage error reached around 6% for a signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of −10 dB. Furthermore, compared to other time‐frequency methods, ANLIOA and ANLSOS promise high precision in detecting Doppler signals with low rates of frequency changes while minimizing energy emission and avoiding possible bio‐thermal effects.

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“…Figure 7A shows the CW Doppler scheme proposed by 32 for the detection of blood velocity in an artery; the emitter sends a frontal ultrasound wave

f_{0}

toward the flow direction with an angle of incidence

θ

concerning the skin surface, and when the wave is reflected by the blood, the detector perceives a change in frequency

Δ f

given by

Δ f = 2 f_{0} \frac{ν}{c} \cos θ,

where

ν

is the speed of blood flow, c is the speed of sound over soft tissue ranging from 1540 to 1600 m/s, 33 and

θ

, known as the insonation angle has an approximate value of

45 \pm 4^{°}

34,35 …”

Section: Experiments and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Doppler Signal Conditioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Doppler bio‐signal detector and time‐frequency representation based on non‐Liènard oscillator

Pancóatl‐Bortolotti,

Enríquez‐Caldera,

Costa

et al. 2023

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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show abstract

“…However, 2D-US is limited by the fact that its plane image can only show one side of the fetus, with limited detection metrics [16]. Studies have shown that the missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis of fetal craniocerebral abnormalities may be due to artifacts caused by umbilical cord interference [17]. Therefore, if fetal abnormalities are suspected on 2D-US and clearer images are needed for further evaluation, an examination modality with more advanced imaging capabilities is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Value and High-Risk Factors of Two-Dimensional Ultrasonography Combined with Four-Dimensional Ultrasonography in Prenatal Ultrasound Screening of Fetal Congenital Malformations

Liu

Gao

et al. 2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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Objective. This study mainly analyzes the diagnostic value of two-dimensional ultrasonography (2D-US) combined with four-dimensional ultrasonography (4D-US) in prenatal ultrasound screening of fetal congenital malformations (CMs) and explores the high-risk factors affecting fetal malformations. Methods. The clinical and imaging data of 2247 pregnant women who underwent prenatal fetal malformation screening in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University between February 2020 and October 2021 were collected and analyzed, retrospectively. All pregnant women underwent 2D-US, and those with suspected fetal malformations were further inspected by 4D-US. The accuracy of ultrasound examination results relative to actual pregnancy outcomes was analyzed, taking the neonatal malformation after induced labor or actual delivery as the gold standard, and the risk factors influencing the occurrence of fetal malformations were discussed. Results. A total of 87 cases (3.87%) of fetal malformations were detected out of the 2247 parturients examined. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 2D-US diagnosis were 81.40%, 43.68%, and 82.92%, respectively, while the data were 83.67%, 51.72%, and 84.95% for 4D-US, respectively, and 93.59%, 90.80%, and 93.70%, respectively, for 2D-US +4D-US. The combined diagnosis of 2D-US +4D-US achieved statistically higher accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity than either of them alone. One-way analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression analysis identified that the independent risk factors affecting fetal malformation were age ≥ 35 , history of adverse pregnancy and childbirth, medication during pregnancy, toxic exposure during pregnancy, and history of seropositive for TORCH-IgM. Folic acid supplementation was a protective factor. Conclusions. Prenatal US is an effective approach for screening fetal malformations. 2D-US +4D-US can effectively improve the diagnostic rate of fetal malformations. For pregnant women with high-risk factors, prevention should be given priority, and prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis should be standardized to reduce the occurrence of fetal malformations.

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“…Ultrasound testing, as the most commonly used non-invasive method of prenatal examination, plays an important role in fetal cardiac malformation and chromosome screening (8,9). Two-dimensional ultrasonography is commonly applied in the screening of fetal cardiac malformation and chromosomal abnormalities, but it has defect due to the limitation that its planar image can only display one side of the fetus and can only detect limited indexes (10,11). Compared with conventional Diagnostic value of four-dimensional ultrasonography with STIC combined with two-dimensional ultrasonography for fetal cardiac malformation and chromosomal abnormalities in early pregnancy two-dimensional ultrasonography diagnosis, four-dimensional ultrasonography with spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC) technology can offer a more comprehensive and intuitive observation of the fetal heart dynamically or statically (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic value of four-dimensional ultrasonography with STIC combined with two-dimensional ultrasonography for fetal cardiac malformation and chromosomal abnormalities in early pregnancy

P’eng

et al. 2019

Exp Ther Med

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Diagnostic value of four-dimensional ultrasonography with spatio-temporal image correlation (STIC) technique combined with two-dimensional ultrasonography for fetal cardiac malformation and chromosomal abnormalities in early pregnancy was investigated. Medical data of 178 pregnant women enrolled in Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics for screening of fetal cardiac malformations and chromosomal abnormalities from January 2014 to March 2016 were collected. According to the results of the pregnant women's biopsy and the results of labor induction and delivery, 95 fetuses were diagnosed with chromosomal abnormalities and cardiac malformations, 40 fetuses with cardiac malformations and no chromosomal abnormalities, and 43 fetuses with neither cardiac malformations nor chromosomal abnormalities. Fetal cardiac malformations and chromosomal abnormalities were diagnosed by three methods: single two-dimensional ultrasonography, single four-dimensional ultrasonography with STIC, and a combination of two-dimensional ultrasonography and four-dimensional ultrasonography with STIC. The two-dimensional ultrasonography diagnosed 97 cases of fetal cardiac malformation and 61 cases of chromosomal abnormalities, four-dimensional ultrasonography with STIC diagnosed 122 cases of fetal cardiac malformation and 81 cases of chromosomal abnormalities. The combination of two-dimensional ultrasonography and four-dimensional ultrasonography diagnosed 130 cases of fetal cardiac malformation and 90 cases of chromosomal abnormalities. The sensitivities of fourdimensional ultrasonography with STIC and the combination of two-dimensional ultrasonography and four-dimensional ultrasonography were significantly higher than that of single examination by two-dimensional ultrasonography (P<0.05), while the diagnostic sensitivities by four-dimensional ultrasonography with STIC and the combined diagnosis were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The diagnostic accordance rates of the single four-dimensional ultrasonography and the combined diagnosis for fetal cardiac malformations and chromosomal abnormalities were not much different (P>0.05), but both were greatly higher than that of single two-dimensional ultrasonography diagnosis (P<0.05). Thus, a combination of four-dimensional ultrasonography with STIC and twodimensional ultrasonography is recommended for screening fetal defects.

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Skeletal defect at mid-trimester ultrasound scan

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Adaptive Doppler bio‐signal detector and time‐frequency representation based on non‐Liènard oscillator

Adaptive Doppler bio‐signal detector and time‐frequency representation based on non‐Liènard oscillator

Diagnostic Value and High-Risk Factors of Two-Dimensional Ultrasonography Combined with Four-Dimensional Ultrasonography in Prenatal Ultrasound Screening of Fetal Congenital Malformations

Diagnostic value of four-dimensional ultrasonography with STIC combined with two-dimensional ultrasonography for fetal cardiac malformation and chromosomal abnormalities in early pregnancy

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