Skeletal assessment and secular changes in knee development: a radiographic approach

Boeyer, Melanie E; Ousley, Stephen D.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.23110

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…For instance, there is a documented secular trend in long bone lengths and terminal adult stature that overlaps with the time period of the study sites and the reference sample (Jantz & Jantz, 1999; Meadows & Jantz, 1995). This trend is also present during the developmental period with evidence of change in epiphyseal fusion timing, dental development timing, and long bone growth timing (Boeyer & Ousley, 2017; Duren et al, 2015; Malina et al, 1987; Malina & Zavaleta, 1980; Maresh, 1972; Meredith, 1976; Vucic et al, 2014). Due to such trends, one may question the appropriateness of such comparisons between the modern reference sample and the sites under study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This trend is also present during the developmental period with evidence of change in epiphyseal fusion timing, dental development timing, and long bone growth timing (Boeyer & Ousley, 2017;Duren et al, 2015;Malina et al, 1987;Malina & Zavaleta, 1980;Maresh, 1972;Meredith, 1976;Vucic et al, 2014). Due to such trends, one may question the appropriateness of such comparisons between the modern reference sample and the sites under study.…”

Section: Historic African American Growth In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interpreting error in the estimation of skeletal growth profiles from past populations: An example demonstrating skeletal growth in historic African American communities

Herrmann

2021

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objectives: The study of growth in the past is a critical component of bioarcheological analyses. However, our understanding of growth in the past is subject to a number of methodological challenges. This study aims to model the skeletal growth of past populations by considering the challenges associated with the data collection process and the challenges associated with the age estimation procedures. Materials and methods:We use skeletal remains from two historic African American cemeteries in the American South to model femoral diaphyseal length-for-age. We estimate the age of each individual using dental development techniques and present growth curves as both a product of the maximum likelihood (MLE) age estimate and the estimated posterior age distribution. Growth was compared against a reference sample from the University of Colorado Child Research Council Study. Results:The results of our analyses showed that femoral diaphyseal length in two historic African American communities is small-for-estimated age as compared to a modern reference sample. However, the magnitude and characterization of this difference is variable when taking into account the broader posterior age distribution.Discussion: Both samples may be small-for-age due to physiological stress associated with racism, inequality, and the compounding effects of early urbanization. However, the interpretation of growth in the past is muddled when considering the relationship between the study sample and the reference sample, when accounting for uncertainty in the age estimation procedure, and the error-inducing steps taken during the data collection process. Future interpretation of skeletal growth in the past must include a full account of the possible sources of error in order to present an accurate representation of growth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Historic African American Growth In Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting error in the estimation of skeletal growth profiles from past populations: An example demonstrating skeletal growth in historic African American communities

Herrmann

2021

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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“…The change in condylar asymmetry is likely explained by the continued ossification of the distal femoral epiphysis. Boeyer and Ousley 5 found that by 3.7 weeks of life, 95% of all individuals will exhibit an ossified distal femoral epiphysis. The distal femoral epiphysis will continue to grow, forming both femoral condyles, until it completely fuses with the metaphysis between 14 and 16 years of age in women and 16 and 18 years of age in men.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine, 12 (5), 23259671241249132 DOI: 10.1177/23259671241249132 Ó The Author(s) 2024 1 This open-access article is published and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution -NonCommercial -No Derivatives License (https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits the noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction of the article in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. You may not alter, transform, or build upon this article without the permission of the Author(s).…”

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confidence: 99%

Osseous and Cartilaginous Trochlear Development in the Pediatric Knee: A Cadaveric Computed Tomography Study

Ayala,

Thomas,

Rohde

et al. 2024

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine

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Background: The anatomy of the trochlea plays a significant role in patellar stability. The developmental anatomy of the trochlea and its relationship to patellar stability remains poorly understood. Purpose: To describe the developmental changes of the osseous and cartilaginous trochlear morphology in skeletally immature specimens. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 65 skeletally immature cadaveric knees between the ages of 2 months and 11 years were evaluated using computed tomography scans. The measurements in the axial plane of both cartilage and bone include medial, central, and lateral trochlear height; sulcus height; medial and later trochlear facet length; trochlear sulcus angle; patellar sulcus angle; condylar height asymmetry; and trochlear facet asymmetry. Additional measurements included trochlear depth and lateral trochlear inclination angle. In the sagittal plane, measurements included curvilinear trochlear length, direct trochlear length, condylar height, and patellar sulcus angle. Results: Analysis of trochlear morphology using condylar height, condylar height asymmetry, and trochlear depth all increased with increasing age. The osseous and cartilaginous sulcus angles became deeper with age until age 8 and then plateaued. This corresponded with an increase in trochlear depth that also plateaued around age 8. Osseous condylar asymmetry increased with age but flipped from a larger medial condyle to a larger lateral condyle around age 8. The continued growth of the trochlea with age was further demonstrated in all measures in the sagittal view. Conclusion: This cadaveric analysis demonstrated that there is an increase in condylar height as age increased by all measurements analyzed. These changes in condylar height continued to be seen through age 11, suggesting a still-developing trochlea past this age. By age 8, a plateau in sulcus angle, and sulcus depth suggests more proportionate growth after this point. Similar changes in trochlear and patellar shape with age suggests that the 2 structures may affect each other during development. Clinical Relevance: This information can help design, develop, and determine timing of procedures that may alter the anatomy and stabilize the trochlear and patellofemoral joint.

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Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee for chronological age estimation—a systematic review

et al. 2023

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Introduction Radiographs of the hand and teeth are frequently used for medical age assessment, as skeletal and dental maturation correlates with chronological age. These methods have been criticized for their lack of precision, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee has been proposed as a more accurate method. The aim of this systematic review is to explore the scientific and statistical evidence for medical age estimation based on skeletal maturation as assessed by MRI of the knee. Materials and methods A systematic review was conducted that included studies published before April 2021 on living individuals between 8 and 30 years old, with presumptively healthy knees for whom the ossification stages had been evaluated using MRI. The correlation between “mature knee” and chronological age and the risk of misclassifying a child as an adult and vice versa was calculated. Results We found a considerable heterogeneity in the published studies —in terms of study population, MRI protocols, and grading systems used. There is a wide variation in the correlation between maturation stage and chronological age. Conclusion Data from published literature is deemed too heterogenous to support the use of MRI of the knee for chronological age determination. Further, it is not possible to assess the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value, or positive predictive value for the ability of MRI to determine whether a person is over or under 18 years old. Key Points • There is an insufficient scientific basis for the use of magnetic resonance imaging of the knee in age determination by skeleton. • It is not possible to assess the predictive value of MRI of the knee to determine whether a person is over or under 18 years of age.

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Skeletal assessment and secular changes in knee development: a radiographic approach

Cited by 4 publications

References 38 publications

Interpreting error in the estimation of skeletal growth profiles from past populations: An example demonstrating skeletal growth in historic African American communities

Interpreting error in the estimation of skeletal growth profiles from past populations: An example demonstrating skeletal growth in historic African American communities

Osseous and Cartilaginous Trochlear Development in the Pediatric Knee: A Cadaveric Computed Tomography Study

Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee for chronological age estimation—a systematic review

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