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In the present study, the selectivity properties of trammel nets used in red mullet fishery by local fishermen were investigated. Trammel nets with five different mesh sizes (16, 17, 18, 20 and 22 mm bar length) in the inner panels and 100 mm mesh size in outer panel were used for fishing trial in the eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey between June 2010 and June 2011. Selectivity parameters for the target species Mullus barbatus, as well as Scorpaena porcus and Solea solea were estimated. Five different selectivity models (normal scale, normal location, gamma, log-normal and bi-modal) in the SELECT method were fitted to data sets. The bi-modal model gave the best fit for three species studied as it had the lowest deviance value. The optimum lengths for red mullet for the Bi-Modal model corresponding to 16, 17, 18, 20 and 22 mm mesh sizes were found as 15. 49, 16.46, 17.42, 19.36 and 21.30 cm, respectively. The minimum mesh size of the trammel nets especially used in red mullet fishery must be 18 mm in order to protect fish stocks and to secure a profitable fisheries and optimum catch efficiency for the future.Keywords: Mullus barbatus, selectivity, trammel net, SELECT, Black Sea. Doğu Karadeniz'de Barbunya Balığı (Mullus barbatus) Avcılığında Kullanılan Fanyalı Uzatma Ağların Seçiciliğinin Araştırılması ÖzetBu çalışmada, bölge balıkçıları tarafından barbunya avcılığında kullanılan fanyalı uzatma ağlarının seçicilik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Türkiye'nin Doğu Karadeniz kıyılarında Haziran 2010 ve Haziran 2011 tarihleri arasında beş farklı tür ağ göz açıklığına (16, 17, 18, 20 ve 22 mm kenar uzunluğu) ve 100 mm göz açıklığına sahip fanyalı ağlar avcılık denemeleri için kullanılmıştır. Hedef tür barbunyanın yanı sıra, iskorpit ve dil balığı için de seçicilik parametreleri tahmin edilmiştir. SELECT metodunda değerlendirilen beş farklı seçicilik modelinin (normal scale, normal location, gamma, log-normal ve bi-modal) verilere uygunluğu değerlendirilmiştir. Her üç balık türü için de en düşük sapma değerine sahip olan Bi-Modal modelin, uygun model olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bi-Modal modele göre barbunya için 16, 17, 18, 20 ve 22 mm göz açıklıklarına göre optimum boylar sırasıyla 15,49, 16,46, 17,42, 19,36 ve 21,30 cm olarak bulunmuştur. Balık stoklarını korumak, gelecek için sürdürülebilir balıkçılık ve optimum av verimliliğini sağlamak için özellikle barbunya avcılığında kullanılan fanyalı ağların minimum göz açıklığı 18 mm olmalıdır.
In the present study, the selectivity properties of trammel nets used in red mullet fishery by local fishermen were investigated. Trammel nets with five different mesh sizes (16, 17, 18, 20 and 22 mm bar length) in the inner panels and 100 mm mesh size in outer panel were used for fishing trial in the eastern Black Sea coast of Turkey between June 2010 and June 2011. Selectivity parameters for the target species Mullus barbatus, as well as Scorpaena porcus and Solea solea were estimated. Five different selectivity models (normal scale, normal location, gamma, log-normal and bi-modal) in the SELECT method were fitted to data sets. The bi-modal model gave the best fit for three species studied as it had the lowest deviance value. The optimum lengths for red mullet for the Bi-Modal model corresponding to 16, 17, 18, 20 and 22 mm mesh sizes were found as 15. 49, 16.46, 17.42, 19.36 and 21.30 cm, respectively. The minimum mesh size of the trammel nets especially used in red mullet fishery must be 18 mm in order to protect fish stocks and to secure a profitable fisheries and optimum catch efficiency for the future.Keywords: Mullus barbatus, selectivity, trammel net, SELECT, Black Sea. Doğu Karadeniz'de Barbunya Balığı (Mullus barbatus) Avcılığında Kullanılan Fanyalı Uzatma Ağların Seçiciliğinin Araştırılması ÖzetBu çalışmada, bölge balıkçıları tarafından barbunya avcılığında kullanılan fanyalı uzatma ağlarının seçicilik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Türkiye'nin Doğu Karadeniz kıyılarında Haziran 2010 ve Haziran 2011 tarihleri arasında beş farklı tür ağ göz açıklığına (16, 17, 18, 20 ve 22 mm kenar uzunluğu) ve 100 mm göz açıklığına sahip fanyalı ağlar avcılık denemeleri için kullanılmıştır. Hedef tür barbunyanın yanı sıra, iskorpit ve dil balığı için de seçicilik parametreleri tahmin edilmiştir. SELECT metodunda değerlendirilen beş farklı seçicilik modelinin (normal scale, normal location, gamma, log-normal ve bi-modal) verilere uygunluğu değerlendirilmiştir. Her üç balık türü için de en düşük sapma değerine sahip olan Bi-Modal modelin, uygun model olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bi-Modal modele göre barbunya için 16, 17, 18, 20 ve 22 mm göz açıklıklarına göre optimum boylar sırasıyla 15,49, 16,46, 17,42, 19,36 ve 21,30 cm olarak bulunmuştur. Balık stoklarını korumak, gelecek için sürdürülebilir balıkçılık ve optimum av verimliliğini sağlamak için özellikle barbunya avcılığında kullanılan fanyalı ağların minimum göz açıklığı 18 mm olmalıdır.
1. Although it is widely recognized that protection may enhance size, abundance, and diversity of fish, its effect on spatial heterogeneity of fish assemblages and species turnover is still poorly understood. 2.Here the effect of full protection within a Mediterranean marine protected area on β-diversity patterns of fish assemblages along a depth gradient comparing a no-take zone with multiple unprotected areas is explored. The no-take zone showed significantly higher synecological parameters, higher β-diversity among depths, and lower small-scale heterogeneity of fish assemblages relative to unprotected areas.3. Such patterns might likely depend on the high level of fishing pressure outside the no-take zone, as also abundance-biomass curves seemed to indicate. Results suggested that full protection could play a role in maintaining high β-diversity, thus reducing the fragility of marine communities and ecosystems, and spatial heterogeneity may represent a reliable predictor of how management actions could provide insurance against undesirable phase shifts.
Recent surveys suggest a declining population of White Sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus in the Sacramento–San Joaquin River basin (SSJ), California. Probable reasons for the decline include overharvest and habitat degradation compounded by poor recruitment during recent droughts. Despite the importance and status of White Sturgeon, knowledge of their population dynamics in the SSJ remains incomplete and additional information is needed to further inform management decisions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the population dynamics of White Sturgeon in the SSJ and use the information to estimate the population‐level response under plausible management scenarios. White Sturgeon in the SSJ exhibited fast growth and high rates of mortality and experienced relatively high levels of exploitation. Under current conditions, the population will likely continue to decrease (population growth rate λ = 0.97); however, there was considerable uncertainty in estimates of future population growth. Population growth of White Sturgeon in the SSJ was most influenced by the survival of sexually mature adults. The models also suggested that White Sturgeon in the SSJ could reach the replacement rate (i.e., λ ≥ 1.00) if total annual mortality for age‐3 and older fish does not exceed 6%. Low levels of exploitation (i.e., <3%) would likely be required to maintain a stable population.
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