Size-segregated particulate matter and gaseous emissions from motor vehicles in a road tunnel

Alves, Célia; Gomes, J. M.; Nunes, Teresa; Duarte, Márcio; Calvo, Ana; Custódio, Danilo; Pio, Casimiro; Karanasiou, Angeliki; Querol, Xavier

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.08.002

Cited by 84 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…5), and it was possible to observe an increase during the intensive campaign. In all campaigns, the values observed were higher than those observed in studies performed in the Amazon during the dry season with events of biomass burning (de Oliveira Alves et al, 2015); studies performed in different seasons in other urban areas such as New York and Madrid showed carcinogenic risks within the parameters recommended by environmental and health agencies (Jung et al, 2010;Mirante et al, 2013).…”

Section: Pah Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 42%

“…LCR from exposure to atmospheric PAH was estimated by multiplying BaP-TEQ and BaP-MEQ by the unit risk (8.7 ×10 −5 (ng m −3 ) −1 ) for exposure to BaP established by WHO (de Oliveira Alves et al, 2015;WHO, 2000) (Fig. 5), and it was possible to observe an increase during the intensive campaign.…”

Section: Pah Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chemical speciation and PAH risk assessment have been performed at several Latin American sites, specifically in urban São Paulo, Bogotá, Buenos Aires (Vasconcellos et al, 2011a, b) and forested areas such as the Amazon region (de Oliveira Alves et al, 2015). Biomass burning tracers have been detected in high concentrations in São Paulo during the dry season and are attributed to the long-range transport of aerosols from areas affected by sugarcane burning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

et al. 2017

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Abstract. São Paulo in Brazil has relatively relaxed regulations for ambient air pollution standards and often experiences high air pollution levels due to emissions of particulate pollutants from local sources and long-range transport of air masses impacted by biomass burning. In order to evaluate the sources of particulate air pollution and related health risks, a year-round sampling was done at the University of São Paulo campus (20 m a.g.l.), a green area near an important expressway. The sampling was performed for PM 2.5 (≤ 2.5 µm) and PM 10 (≤ 10 µm) in 2014 through intensive (everyday sampling in wintertime) and extensive campaigns (once a week for the whole year) with 24 h of sampling. This year was characterized by having lower average precipitation compared to meteorological data, and high-pollution episodes were observed all year round, with a significant increase in pollution level in the intensive campaign, which was performed during wintertime. Different chemical constituents, such as carbonaceous species, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and derivatives, water-soluble ions, and biomass burning tracers were identified in order to evaluate health risks and to apportion sources. The species such as PAHs, inorganic and organic ions, and monosaccharides were determined using chromatographic techniques and carbonaceous species using thermal-optical analysis. Trace elements were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The risks associated with particulate matter exposure based on PAH concentrations were also assessed, along with indexes such as the benzo[a]pyrene equivalent (BaPE) and lung cancer risk (LCR). High BaPE and LCR were observed in most of the samples, rising to critical values in the wintertime. Also, biomass burning tracers and PAHs were higher in this season, while secondarily formed ions presented low variation throughout the year. Meanwhile, vehicular tracer species were also higher in the intensive campaign, suggesting the influence of lower dispersion conditions in that period. Source apportionment was performed using positive matrix factorization (PMF), which indicated five different factors: road dust, industrial emissions, vehicuPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 11944 G. M. Pereira et al.: Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo lar exhaust, biomass burning and secondary processes. The results highlighted the contribution of vehicular emissions and the significant input from biomass combustion in wintertime, suggesting that most of the particulate matter is due to local sources, in addition to the influence of pre-harvest sugarcane burning.

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Section: Pah Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 42%

Section: Pah Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

et al. 2017

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“…In contrast to the OC/EC ratios from these pollution sources and considering that the sampling sites were close to the coke oven, the primary source of OC and EC in the coking plant was the coking process. Table 2 compares the OC and EC concentrations and the OC/EC ratio in the ambient air of the coking plant with those reported in previous studies (Handler et al, 2008;Pio et al, 2011;Ducret-Stich et al, 2013;Alves et al, 2015). OC/EC ratios of 1.29, 1.67, 1.09, and 1.8 were reported for the ambient air of coking plant, highway, urban roadway tunnel, and industry.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Oc and Ecmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…These ratios all being lower than 2 suggest that the OC and EC pollutions near these sources mainly originated from primary emission (Turpin and Huntzicker, 1995;Chow et al, 1996). OC and EC concentrations were 2.76 and 1.65 µg/m 3 in the highway atmosphere, 29.6 and 27.1 µg/m 3 in the atmosphere of the urban roadway tunnel, and 6.0 and 3.9 µg/m 3 in the industrial air (Pio et al, 2011;Ducret-Stich et al, 2013;Alves et al, 2015). The OC concentration in the coking plant area was 169.6 µg/m 3 , which is 61.4 times that of the highway atmosphere, 5.7 times that of the urban roadway tunnel air, and 28.3 times of the industrial air.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Oc and Ecmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Organic Carbon and Elemental Carbon in the Ambient Air of Coking Plant

Liu

Lin

Bai

et al. 2015

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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To investigate the characteristics of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) in the ambient air of coking plant, particulate matter samples were collected and analyzed. The OC and EC mass concentrations were in the range of 104.2-223.2 µg/m 3 and 93.7-237.8 µg/m 3 , respectively, which were much higher than those in the ambient air of industry, highway, and urban roadway tunnel. The OC concentrations did not significantly differ at the coke side and the machine side, whereas the EC concentration was significantly higher at the coke side. The OC/EC ratios ranged from 0.74 to 2.35, and coking was the primary source of OC and EC. Carbonaceous aerosol was a large component in the ambient air, and the total carbonaceous aerosol (TCA) accounted for 39.1%-73.0% of the total suspended particulates (TSP). TCA contributions to TSP were consistent at the coke side and the machine side, and both contributions were lower than those at other sampling sites. OC and EC emission control must be strengthened for improving coking plant air quality and reducing health hazards to coke-plant workers. OC-EC correlation was evident, with a correlation coefficient of 0.976 (p < 0.05) at the coke-oven top, coke side, and machine side, whereas no significant correlations were observed at sites downwind of the coke oven (p > 0.05).

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Temporal dynamics, meteorological effects, secondary organic aerosol estimation, and source identification of size‐segregated carbonaceous aerosols

Tarhan,

Koçak

2024

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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During the period 2019–2020, size‐segregated aerosol samples containing elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC) were investigated. These samples were collected weekly using an eight‐stage cascade impactor from an urban site located at Aksaray University, Aksaray. The quantification of EC and OC was carried out through a thermal‐optical transmission device. The results revealed consistent size distribution attributes of EC and OC between winter and summer. Although EC accounted for an insignificant percentage (4.4%) of particulate matter (PM) in the PM9.0–10.0 fraction during winter, a more substantial portion of OC in the same fraction (13.4%) comprised EC. Seasonal variations were distinct for EC but not significant for OC. Strong correlations between OC and EC were observed in coarse particle fractions, indicating a common source, with weaker correlations in fine particles. The highest OC/EC ratio was in the PM0.43–0.65 fraction, followed by PM2.1–3.3. The ratio of OC to EC in fine PM exceeded the threshold of 15 consistently. The observation indicates that as particle size increases, there is a noticeable decline in the OC to EC ratios. Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) accounted for 60.8% (winter) and 89.8% (summer) of OC values, emphasizing the substantial impact of SOA on Aksaray's atmosphere. Both seasons exhibited a multimodal distribution of ambient OC. In winter, the EC distribution was dominated by fine particles, with a bimodal pattern (PM1.1–2.1 and PM0.43–0.65 peaks). Common pollutant sources, including traffic emissions, road dust, biogenic emissions, and coal combustion, were identified for both seasons in coarse and fine particle fractions. These findings underscore the importance of emission control strategies targeting fine PM in Aksaray.

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Size-segregated particulate matter and gaseous emissions from motor vehicles in a road tunnel

Cited by 84 publications

References 69 publications

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

Particulate pollutants in the Brazilian city of São Paulo: 1-year investigation for the chemical composition and source apportionment

Characteristics of Organic Carbon and Elemental Carbon in the Ambient Air of Coking Plant

Temporal dynamics, meteorological effects, secondary organic aerosol estimation, and source identification of size‐segregated carbonaceous aerosols

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