Size-segregated mass distributions of aerosols over Eastern Mediterranean: seasonal variability and comparison with AERONET columnar size-distributions

Gerasopoulos, E.; Koulouri, E.; Kalivitis, N.; Kouvarakis, Giorgos; Saarikoski, Sanna; Mäkelä, Timo; Hillamo, Risto; Mihalopoulos, Nikolaos

doi:10.5194/acpd-7-469-2007

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Indeed, the seasonal maximum is usually recorded in spring (April-May) as a consequence of the frequent African dust episodes, which actually exceeds the summer maximum. This is clearly evident in the coarser fractions (PM 10 or even PM 2.5 ) while for PM 1 a secondary summer maximum is observed, in accordance to the seasonality of anthropogenic types of aerosols like non-sea salt sulphate (Gerasopoulos et al, 2007;Koulouri et al, 2008).…”

Section: Seasonal Variability Of Pm Levelsmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…This PM 2.5 range is slightly higher than the one obtained at RB sites located at Atlantic and Central Spain (8-11 µg/m 3 ). As pointed out by Gerasopoulos et al (2007) the higher values recorded at Finokalia for PM 2.5 are due to Saharan dust intrusions. Very close mean annual PM 1 levels are measured at MSY and FKL (11 and 10 µg/m 3 , respectively), which is higher than the summer levels measured at Monte Cimone in Italy (7 µg/m 3 , Marenco et al, 2006), which is a free tropospheric site (2165 m a.s.l.…”

Section: Pm Levelsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Additional aerosol samples were collected using a Small-Depositarea low-volume-Impactor "SDI" and a Virtual Impactor "VI" (Gerasopoulos et al, 2007;Koulouri et al, 2008) Bardouki et al (2003). Elements (Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb) were determined using ICP-MS after acid digestion.…”

Section: Fkl Stationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Querol et al, 1998;Rodriguez et al, 2002Rodriguez et al, , 2004Pérez et al, 2008) and Eastern Mediterranean (e.g. Koçak et al, 2007a;Gerasopoulos et al, 2007), and to a lesser extent on PM speciation (e.g. Rodriguez et al, 2003;Querol et al, 2004Querol et al, , 2008Marenco et al, 2006;Viana et al, 2008;Dongarrà et al, 2007;Saliba et al, 2007;Koçak et al, 2007b;Koulouri et al, 2008;Glavas et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability in regional background aerosols within the Mediterranean

et al. 2009

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Abstract. The main objective of this study is the identification of major factors controlling levels and chemical composition of aerosols in the regional background (RB) along the Mediterranean Basin (MB). To this end, data on PM levels and speciation from Montseny (MSY, NE Spain), Finokalia (FKL, Southern Greece) and Erdemli (ERL, Southern Turkey) for the period 2001 to 2008 are evaluated. Important differences on PM levels and composition are evident when comparing the Western and Eastern MBs. The results manifest W-E and N-S PM 10 and PM 2.5 gradients along the MB, attributed to the higher frequency and intensity of African dust outbreaks in the EMB, while for PM 1 very similar levels are encountered.PM in the EMB is characterized by higher levels of crustal material and sulphate as compared to WMB (and central European sites), however, RB nitrate and OC + EC levels are relatively constant across the Mediterranean and lower than other European sites. Marked seasonal trends are evidenced for PM levels, nitrate (WMB), ammonium and sulphate. Also relatively higher levels of V and Ni (WMB) are measured in the Mediterranean basin, probably as a consequence of high emissions from fuel-oil combustion (power generation, industrial and shipping emissions).Enhanced sulphate levels in EMB compared to WMB were measured. The high levels of sulphate in the EMB may deplete the available gas-phase NH 3 so that little ammonium nitrate can form due to the low NH 3 levels.Correspondence to: X. Querol (xavier.querol@idaea.csic.es) This study illustrates the existence of three very important features within the Mediterranean that need to be accounted for when modeling climate effects of aerosols in the area, namely: a) the increasing gradient of dust from WMB to EMB; b) the change of hygroscopic behavior of mineral aerosols (dust) via nitration and sulfation; and c) the abundance of highly hygroscopic aerosols during high insolation (low cloud formation) periods.

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Section: Seasonal Variability Of Pm Levelsmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Pm Levelsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Fkl Stationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variability in regional background aerosols within the Mediterranean

et al. 2009

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“…Second cause is the effective difference between concentrations at ground and over the column. This is due to the fact that anthropogenic loading events are often originated by sources near the ground, this being in some cases the main component of aerosols sampled at ground but not so important when data are integrated on the atmospheric column as for radiometric measurements (Gerasopoulos et al, 2007). On the other side, for these three days, fire smoke aerosols transported at high altitude (Lyamani et al, 2008;Pietruczuk and Chaikovsky, 2007) cause columnar measurements to reveal a larger amount of fly ash fine particles.…”

Section: Comparing Ground Level and Columnar Size Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols by in-situ and radiometric measurements

et al. 2010

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Abstract. Physical and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols collected by using a high resolution (1.5 nm) spectroradiometer (spectral range 400-800 nm), a 13-stage Dekati Low Pressure Impactor (size range 30 nm-10 µm), and an AE31 Aethalometer (7 wavelenghts from 370 nm to 950 nm), have been examined in a semi-rural site in Southwest Italy (Tito Scalo, 40 • 35 N, 15 • 41 E, 750 m a.s.l.). In particular, daily averaged values of AOD andÅngström turbidity parameters from radiometric data together with masssize distributions from impactor data and Black Carbon (BC) concentrations have been analyzed from May to October 2008. Furthermore, by inverting direct solar radiances, aerosol columnar number and volume size distributions have been obtained for the same period. The comparison of different observation methods, allowed to verify if, and in what conditions, changes in aerosol properties measured at ground are representative of columnar properties variations. Agreement between columnar and in-situ measurements has been obtained in case of anthropogenic aerosol loading, while in case of Saharan dust intrusions some discrepancies have been found when dust particles were located at high layers in the atmosphere (4-8 km) thus affecting columnar properties more than surface ones. For anthropogenic aerosols, a good correlation has been confirmed through the comparison of fine aerosol fraction contribution as measured by radiometer, impactor and aethalometer, suggesting that, in this case, the particles are more homogeneously distributed over the lower layers of atmosphere and columnar aerosol optical properties are dominated by surface measured component.

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An Evaluation of the Shortwave Direct Aerosol Radiative Forcing Using CALIOP and MODIS Observations

2018

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In this study, all‐sky ShortWave Direct Aerosol Radiative Forcing (SWDARF) at the top of atmosphere is estimated using the method of Oikawa et al. (2013) applied to two generations of Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) Level 2 products, i.e., version 2 (V2) and version 3 (V3), and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud product. The estimated SWDARF in Oikawa et al. (2013) was based on CALIPSO V2 product, which contained significant errors in cloud clearing and low‐altitude aerosols. This error was corrected in V3, resulting in greatly improved and significantly different aerosol and cloud distributions. In clear‐sky conditions, the magnitude of aerosol optical thickness underestimation becomes smaller and SWDARF becomes more negative using the V3 product. In addition, above‐cloud aerosols, which cause positive SWDARF, are less frequently detected and below‐cloud aerosols are more frequently detected in the V3 product than in the V2 product, so that cloudy‐sky SWDARF becomes more negative using the V3 product. From these results, clear‐sky, cloudy‐sky, and all‐sky SWDARFs become more negative using the V3 product than the V2 product. The magnitude of negative SWDARF using the V3 product is more than twice as large as the V2 product under all‐sky conditions due to V3 improvements in the lidar retrieval algorithms. Considering the uncertainties of aerosol and cloud measurements, annual zonal averages of clear‐sky, cloudy‐sky, and all‐sky SWDARFs from 60°S to 60°N are estimated as −4.0 ± 0.2, −1.1 ± 0.3, and −2.1 ± 0.2 Wm−2 from the V3 product.

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Size-segregated mass distributions of aerosols over Eastern Mediterranean: seasonal variability and comparison with AERONET columnar size-distributions

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Variability in regional background aerosols within the Mediterranean

Variability in regional background aerosols within the Mediterranean

Physical and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols by in-situ and radiometric measurements

An Evaluation of the Shortwave Direct Aerosol Radiative Forcing Using CALIOP and MODIS Observations

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