Size-segregated fine particle measurements by chemical species and their impact on visibility impairment in Denver

Sloane, Christine S.; Watson, John G.; Chow, Judith C.; Pritchett, Lyle C.; Richards, L.W.

doi:10.1016/0960-1686(91)90143-u

Cited by 157 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Wall et al (1988) also reported an under-sampling of nitrate in a cascade impactor for a study done in Claremont, CA. Sloane et al (1991) reported a difference of around 15% between the mass collected by a MOUDI and a filterbased sampler, although they report that this difference is not statistically significant. California is characterized by nitrate concentrations that are one or two orders of magnitude higher than Pittsburgh.…”

Section: Pm Composition Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lower correlation is observed at lower sulfate levels during the winter. Comparisons in other studies between MOUDI and integrated filter samplers have shown o10% differences between the sulfate collected by cascade impactors and sulfate collected by filter-based samplers (Sloane et al, 1991;Wall et al, 1988;Chung et al, 2001). Fig.…”

Section: Pm Composition Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mass size distributions and size resolved chemical composition of fine particulate matter at the Pittsburgh supersite

Cabada

Rees

Takahama

et al. 2004

Atmospheric Environment

163

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Size-resolved aerosol mass and chemical composition were measured during the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study. Daily samples were collected for 12 months from July 2001 to June 2002. Micro-orifice uniform deposit impactors (MOUDIs) were used to collect aerosol samples of fine particulate matter smaller than 10 mm. Measurements of PM 0.056 , PM 0.10 , PM 0.18 , PM 0.32 , PM 0.56 , PM 1.0 , PM 1.8 and PM 2.5 with the MOUDI are available for the full study period. Seasonal variations in the concentrations are observed for all size cuts. Higher concentrations are observed during the summer and lower during the winter.Comparison between the PM 2.5 measurements by the MOUDI and other integrated PM samplers reveals good agreement. Good correlation is observed for PM 10 between the MOUDI and an integrated sampler but the MOUDI underestimates PM 10 by 20%. Bouncing of particles from higher stages of the MOUDI (>PM 2.5 ) is not a major problem because of the low concentrations of coarse particles in the area. The main cause of coarse particle losses appears to be losses to the wall of the MOUDI.Samples were collected on aluminum foils for analysis of carbonaceous material and on Teflon filters for analysis of particle mass and inorganic anions and cations. Daily samples were analyzed during the summer (July 2001) and the winter intensives (January 2002). During the summer around 50% of the organic material is lost from the aluminum foils as compared to a filter-based sampler. These losses are due to volatilization and bounce-off from the MOUDI stages. High nitrate losses from the MOUDI are also observed during the summer (above 70%). Good agreement between the gravimetrically determined mass and the sum of the masses of the individual compounds is obtained, if the lost mass from organics and the aerosol water content are included for the summer. For the winter no significant losses of material are detected and there exists reasonable agreement between the gravimetrical mass and the sum of the concentrations of the individual compounds.Ultrafine particles (below 100 nm) account on average, for o 5% of the PM 2.5 mass, and show different composition for the summer and the winter. During the summer the ultrafine mass is 50% carbonaceous material (organic material and elemental carbon) and 50% inorganic (mainly sulfate and ammonium); during the winter these percentages are 70% and 30%, respectively.

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Section: Pm Composition Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pm Composition Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass size distributions and size resolved chemical composition of fine particulate matter at the Pittsburgh supersite

Cabada

Rees

Takahama

et al. 2004

Atmospheric Environment

163

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“…In literature (Sloane et al, 1983(Sloane et al, , 1984Sloane and Wolff, 1985;Sloane et al, 1991;Ouimette and Flagan, 1982;Seinfeld and Pandis, 1998), the density of BC is reported as a range from 1.00 g/cm 3 to 2.00 g/cm 3 . Accordingly, an average value of 1.5 g/cm 3 is used, and the uncertainty (3σ ) is assigned to be 33 % covering the possible range.…”

Section: Methods Of Optical Closure For Dry Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol optical properties in the North China Plain during HaChi campaign: an in-situ optical closure study

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The largest uncertainty in the estimation of climate forcing stems from atmospheric aerosols. In early spring and summer of 2009, two periods of in-situ measurements on aerosol physical and chemical properties were conducted within the HaChi (Haze in China) project at Wuqing, a town between Beijing and Tianjin in the North China Plain (NCP). Aerosol optical properties, including the scattering coefficient (σ sp ), the hemispheric back scattering coefficient (σ bsp ), the absorption coefficient (σ ap ), as well as the single scattering albedo (ω), are presented. The diurnal and seasonal variations are analyzed together with meteorology and satellite data. The mean values of σ sp, 550nm of the dry aerosol in spring and summer are 280±253 and 379±251 Mm −1 , respectively. The average σ ap for the two periods is respectively 47±38 and 43±27 Mm −1 . The mean values of ω at the wavelength of 637 nm are 0.82±0.05 and 0.86±0.05 for spring and summer, respectively. The relative high levels of σ sp and σ bsp are representative of the regional aerosol pollution in the NCP. Pronounced diurnal cycle of σ sp , σ ap and ω are found, mainly influenced by the evolution of boundary layer and the accumulation of local emissions during nighttime. The pollutants transported from the southwest of the NCP are more significant than that from the two megacities, Beijing and Tianjin, in both spring and summer. An optical closure experiment is conducted to better under-

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“…When these particles are illuminated they will absorb and scatter the light, which will reduce the intensity of the light beam, this effect is known as the extinction efficiency that is governed by the ration of the particle size to the wavelength of the incident light [10]. The particle extinction efficiency can be obtained by combining the effects of scattering and absorption.…”

Section: Dust and Light Absorbancementioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Cells Performance Reduction under the Effect of Dust in Jazan Region

Karmouch¹,

Hor²

2017

J Fundam Renewable Energy Appl

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The accumulation of dust on the solar cells panels worsens the situation and lowers the efficiency of the solar cells day by day especially in the regions known by their high rate of dust, low frequency and intensity of rain. The accumulated dust on the solar cells panel blocks the cells from the sun's rays and act as a screening effect as shown by the calculated spectral transmittance of dust which decreases the performance of the solar cells over time until the cell panels are cleaned manually or by rain. The tilt angle of the solar cell panels affects considerably the amount of accumulated dust on the surface of the panels.The study focuses on the effects of dust accumulation on photovoltaic solar panels in Jazan region. The effect is tested in outdoor measurements and it was found that regular dust accumulation reduces the solar cells efficiency by about 10% for an exposure time of 16 weeks. Moreover the tilted panel with an angle of 30° receives more dust than the panel tilted by 50° which means higher efficiency loss for the lower tilted panel. The efficiency loss is significant of large of annual monetary losses. This study can be considered as a reference to predict the level of degradation of any photovoltaic system that might be installed in the Jazan region and also to estimate the real cost include the cost of the solar panel cleaning.

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Size-segregated fine particle measurements by chemical species and their impact on visibility impairment in Denver

Cited by 157 publications

References 15 publications

Mass size distributions and size resolved chemical composition of fine particulate matter at the Pittsburgh supersite

Mass size distributions and size resolved chemical composition of fine particulate matter at the Pittsburgh supersite

Aerosol optical properties in the North China Plain during HaChi campaign: an in-situ optical closure study

Solar Cells Performance Reduction under the Effect of Dust in Jazan Region

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