Size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and secondary formation at Mount Heng in South Central China

Wang, Xinfeng; Wang, Wenxing; Xue, Likun; Gao, Xiang; Nie, Wei; Yu, Yanshan; Zhou, Yang; Yang, Lingxiao; Zhang, Qingzhu; Wang, Tao

doi:10.1007/s11783-013-0503-6

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Based on the literature, oxalic acid is often well correlated with sulfate and ammonium [ Hara et al ., ; Yu et al ., ], and the size distribution is found in the droplet mode [ Bian et al ., ; Huang et al ., ; Wang et al ., ; Yao et al ., ]. These commonalities with sulfate indicate oxalic acid must experience a similar in‐cloud‐process formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and atmospheric processes impacting oxalate at a suburban coastal site in Hong Kong: Insights inferred from 1 year hourly measurements

et al. 2015

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Oxalic acid is one of the most abundant dicarboxylic acids in the atmosphere, receiving a great deal of attention due to its potential influence on cloud condensation nucleus activities. In this work, we report 10 months of hourly oxalate measurements in particulate matter of less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 2.5 ) by a Monitor for Aerosols and Gases in ambient Air at a suburban coastal site in Hong Kong from April 2012 to February 2013. A total of more than 6000 sets of oxalate and inorganic ion data were obtained. The mean (±SD) oxalate concentration was 0.34 (±0.18) μg m À3 , accounting for 2.8% of the total ion mass and 1.5% of the PM 2.5 mass. Seasonal variation showed higher concentrations in fall and winter (0.54 and 0.36 μg m À3 , respectively) and lower concentrations in spring and summer (~0.26 μg m À3 ). Different from the inorganic ions, a shallow dip in the oxalate concentration consistently occurred in the morning after sunrise (around 9:00 A.M.) throughout all seasons. Our analysis suggests that this was likely due to photolysis of oxalate-Fe (III) complex under sunlight. In summer, a small daytime peak was discernable for oxalate and nitrate. This characteristic, together with a more evident diurnal variation of O 3 , indicates comparatively more active photochemical oxidation in summer than other seasons. High correlations were observed between oxalate and non-sea-salt SO 4 2À (NSS) (R 2 = 0.63) and O x (O 3 + NO 2 ) (R 2 = 0.48), indicating significant commonality in their secondary formation. Positive matrix factorization analysis of oxalate and other real-time gas and particle-phase component data estimates that secondary formation processes, including secondary gas or aqueous oxidation processes (49%), oxidation processes of biomass burning emissions (37%), accounted for the majority of PM 2.5 oxalate. A backward trajectories cluster analysis found that higher oxalate/NSS ratios were associated with low pollution samples under the influence of marine air masses while the ratios were lower in high pollution samples that were typically associated with continental air masses passing through areas of high anthropogenic emissions. Isolating the "low pollution marine" aerosols across the entire data set indicates that oxalate production increased in the summer compared to other seasons, suggesting either more active marine emissions of oxalate precursors or stronger photochemical processes in the summer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources and atmospheric processes impacting oxalate at a suburban coastal site in Hong Kong: Insights inferred from 1 year hourly measurements

et al. 2015

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“…During dust transport and urban dust episodes, these VOCs and trace gas pollutants such as NO 2 , HNO 3 , and SO 2 can interact with each other, forming more highly functional, less volatile compounds as shown here on Fe-containing mineral surfaces under dry conditions. As water plays an important role in heterogeneous chemistry, 97 and particularly in the formation of substituted phenols such as aromatic alcohols and nitro-phenolic compounds, these are enhanced in aqueous environments, 14 , 16 , 33 , 38 , 40 , 42 , 53 and thus it is important for future studies to address the role of adsorbed water on these different reaction pathways.…”

Section: Conclusion and Atmospheric Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, there is increasing recognition of the impact of mineral dust aerosol, a reactive and abundant aerosol, on SOAs concentration and aerosol size distributions. − For an example, during a dust event from the Gobi Desert, an increased concentration of nitro-phenolic compounds in the size range of (3.2–5.6 μm) was seen compared to nondust events. This observation was ascribed to the vast surface area provided by the dust facilitating the heterogeneous formation of these SOAs and reactions of HNO 3 , NO 2 , and other NO x with the dust surfaces. , In another study, enhanced SOA formation during dust episodes was attributed primarily to photochemical reactions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous Reactions of Phenol on Different Components of Mineral Dust Aerosol: Formation of Oxidized Organic and Nitro-Phenolic Compounds

Hettiarachchi,

Grassian

2024

ACS EST Air

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Phenol, a common semi-volatile compound associated with different emissions including from plants and biomass burning, as well as anthropogenic emissions and its derivatives, are important components of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Gas and aqueous phase reactions of phenol, in the presence of photochemical drivers, are fairly well understood. However, despite observations showing aromatic content within SOA size and mass increases during dust episodes, the heterogeneous reactions of phenol with mineral dusts are poorly understood. In the current study, surface reactions of phenol at the gas/solid interface with different components of mineral dust including SiO 2 , α-Fe 2 O 3 , and TiO 2 have been investigated. Whereas reversible surface adsorption of phenol occurs on SiO 2 surfaces, for both α-Fe 2 O 3 and TiO 2 surfaces, phenol reacts to form a wide range of OH substituted aromatic products. For α-Fe 2 O 3 surfaces that have been nitrated by gas-phase reactions of nitric acid prior to exposure to phenol, unique compounds form on the surface including nitro-phenolic compounds. Moreover, additional surface chemistry was observed when adsorbed nitro-phenolic products were exposed to gas-phase SO 2 as a result of the formation of adsorbed nitrite from nitrate redox chemistry with adsorbed SO 2 . Overall, this study reveals the extensive chemistry as well as the complexity of reactions of prevalent organic compounds leading to the formation of SOA on mineral surfaces.

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“…The air-mass back trajectory analysis by using HYSPLIT model provides a useful method to examine the history of air-mass transport, though uncertainty exists due to a lot of factors such as phase change. It has been extensively used in researches on atmospheric pollution to track the source regions and the transport pathways [27][28][29][30]. The HYSPLIT model not only presents three-dimensional air trajectories arriving to the selected location but also provides many meteorological data along the air trajectories, including temperature, humidity, pressure, mixed layer depth, and solar flux, which are important factors for fog formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fog Formation in Cold Season in Ji’nan, China: Case Analyses with Application of HYSPLIT Model

Wang

Chen

2014

Advances in Meteorology

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Fog events almost happened every year in cold season in North China Plain. In this study, hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory (HYSPLIT) model was applied to analyze the formation of four fog events occurring in Ji’nan, China, during the period from March 2012 to February 2014. Three types of fog have been distinguished, including radiation fog, advection fog, and frontal fog. When fog events happened, the average surface temperature ranged from near zero to 10°C and the relative humidity was around 90%. Fog events often happened immediately after haze episodes (i.e., fog-haze) and sometimes after light rain. Back trajectory analyses show that the air masses during the fog events mostly came from the local Shandong areas and moved in very slow speed (4–24 km h−1). During the fog events, the humidity along the air trajectories always gradually increased to saturation. The mixed layer depth was small, generally below 400 m at noon and around 100 m at midnight. However, the air temperature exhibited complex variations—sometimes decreased and sometimes kept stable or even increased.

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Size-resolved aerosol ionic composition and secondary formation at Mount Heng in South Central China

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Sources and atmospheric processes impacting oxalate at a suburban coastal site in Hong Kong: Insights inferred from 1 year hourly measurements

Sources and atmospheric processes impacting oxalate at a suburban coastal site in Hong Kong: Insights inferred from 1 year hourly measurements

Heterogeneous Reactions of Phenol on Different Components of Mineral Dust Aerosol: Formation of Oxidized Organic and Nitro-Phenolic Compounds

Fog Formation in Cold Season in Ji’nan, China: Case Analyses with Application of HYSPLIT Model

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