Size reduction of high- and low-moisture corn stalks by linear knife grid system

Igathinathane, C.; Womac, A. R.; Sokhansanj, S.; Narayan, S.

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2008.09.004

Cited by 48 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The moisture content of corn leaves is similar to the values of 8-9% reported by Kumar et al (2011) from the leaves of corn stover from USA. However, the moisture contents reported in this study (6.38-7.92%) are lower than the value of 9% reported by Bitra et al (2009) for the corn stover from USA, the value of 11.3% reported by Igathinathane et al (2009) for the corn stalk from the USA and the value of 11.4% reported by Luo et al (2011) for the corn stalk from China. These variations could be due to differences in the collection and storage procedures and the use of different techniques to determine the moisture content.…”

Section: Moisture Contentcontrasting

confidence: 54%

Physical Properties of Corn Residues

Nilson¹

2012

American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

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Corn residues (cobs, leaves and stalks) are abundantly available renewable materials that can be used as an energy source in gasification and combustion systems. Proper understanding of the physical properties of these materials is necessary for their use in thermochemical conversion processes. The physical properties (moisture content, particle size, bulk density and porosity) of corn cobs, leaves and stalks were determined in this study. The moisture contents were 6.38, 7.92 and 6.40% of the cobs, leaves and stalks, respectively. The cobs had the highest weight percentage (18.23%) of the small particles (<0.212 mm) and the leaves had the highest weight percentage (40.10%) of large particles (>0.850 mm). Most of the stalk particles (84.82%) were in the range of 0.212-0.850 mm. The cob particle size had a normal concave (inward) distribution between particle sizes 0.106 mm (18.23 weight %) and 0.925 mm (25.26 weight %) with the lowest weight percentage (5.30 weight %) at 0.390 mm particle size while the stalk particle size had a normal convex (outward) distribution between particle sizes 0.106 mm (8.49 weight %) and 0.925 mm (6.69 weight %) with the highest weight percentage (23.47 weight %) at the 0.605 mm particle size. The leaves had an increasing trend of particle size distribution between the particle sizes 0.106 and 0.925 mm. The average particle sizes for the cobs, leaves and stalks were 0.56, 0.70 and 0.49 mm, respectively. The average bulk density was 282.38, 81.61 and 127.32 kg m −3 for the corn cobs, leaves and stalks, respectively. The average porosity was 67.93, 86.06 and 58.51% for the corn cobs, leaves and stalks, respectively. A positive relationship between the average particle size and the porosity was observed for the corn residues. The differences in the physical properties among the corn residues (cobs, leaves and stalks) observed in this study are due to variations in the compositions and structures of these materials.

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Section: Moisture Contentcontrasting

confidence: 54%

Physical Properties of Corn Residues

Nilson¹

2012

American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

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“…13 Therefore, change in the relative humidity of the environment affects the moisture content of any biological material at constant pressure and temperature. 7 The relationship between the EMC and the equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) at a constant temperature is expressed by moisture sorption isotherms. 14 The shape of isotherms gives insight into the mechanism of water adsorption and depends on structure and composition of material, in addition to pressure and temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Torrefaction on Water Vapor Adsorption Properties and Resistance to Microbial Degradation of Corn Stover

et al. 2012

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The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of biomass affects transportation, storage, downstream feedstock processing, and the overall economy of biorenewables production. Torrefaction is a thermochemical process conducted in the temperature regime between 200 and 300 °C under an inert atmosphere that, among other benefits, aims to reduce the innate hydrophilicity and susceptibility to microbial degradation of biomass. The objective of this study was to examine water sorption properties of torrefied corn stover. The EMC of raw corn stover, along with corn stover thermally pretreated at three temperatures, was measured using the static gravimetric method at equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) and temperatures ranging from 10 to 98% and from 10 to 40 °C, respectively. Five isotherms were fitted to the experimental data to obtain the prediction equation that best describes the relationship between the ERH and the EMC of lignocellulosic biomass. Microbial degradation of the samples was tested at 97% ERH and 30 °C. Fiber analyses were conducted on all samples. In general, torrefied biomass showed an EMC lower than that of raw biomass, which implied an increase in hydrophobicity. The modified Oswin model performed best in describing the correlation between ERH and EMC. Corn stover torrefied at 250 and 300 °C had negligible dry matter mass loss due to microbial degradation. Fiber analysis showed a significant decrease in hemicellulose content with the increase in pretreatment temperature, which might be the reason for the hydrophobic nature of the torrefied biomass. The outcomes of this work can be used for torrefaction process optimization, and decision-making regarding raw and torrefied biomass storage and downstream processing. ABSTRACT:The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) of biomass affects transportation, storage, downstream feedstock processing, and the overall economy of biorenewables production. Torrefaction is a thermochemical process conducted in the temperature regime between 200 and 300°C under an inert atmosphere that, among other benefits, aims to reduce the innate hydrophilicity and susceptibility to microbial degradation of biomass. The objective of this study was to examine water sorption properties of torrefied corn stover. The EMC of raw corn stover, along with corn stover thermally pretreated at three temperatures, was measured using the static gravimetric method at equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) and temperatures ranging from 10 to 98% and from 10 to 40°C, respectively. Five isotherms were fitted to the experimental data to obtain the prediction equation that best describes the relationship between the ERH and the EMC of lignocellulosic biomass. Microbial degradation of the samples was tested at 97% ERH and 30°C. Fiber analyses were conducted on all samples. In general, torrefied biomass showed an EMC lower than that of raw biomass, which implied an increase in hydrophobicity. The modified Oswin model performed best in describing the correlation between ERH and EMC. Corn stover torrefi...

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“…This construction also provided a smaller shear force compared to that of 45° blade angle. For linear knife grid systems, studies of Igathinathane et al (Igathinathane, Womac, Sokhansanj, & Narayan, 2009) (Igathinathane, 2010) found that the shearing angle has a strong effect on the cutting force and specific energy. In those studies, the tool edges are in the form of a 60-degree V-block.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parameter Optimization of Cutting Force in Corn Stalk Chopping

Dam¹,

Tjprc²

2019

IJMPERD

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Corn is cultivated mostly in all countries for its high consumption, quality, and food value. Corn residuals, including stalk and cob, are also considered as the most abundant biomass resource and animal feeding. Shortening corn stalks into different sizes is an important pre-process to make animal food and biomass. Reducing shearing force is one of the most effective way to save energy in such process. This paper presents experimental results to optimize the cutting force by varying approach angle and feed angle, the two parameters representing the relative motion of the stalk and the cutter. Optimum design of experiments were planned through three stages: screening, steepest descent andoptimal experiments. Compared to a typical condition in commercial choppers, where these angles are usually set to be 0°, the optimal setting provided a five-time smaller cutting force. The results obtained thus is very promising for further studies to optimize devices of forage cutting.

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Size reduction of high- and low-moisture corn stalks by linear knife grid system

Cited by 48 publications

References 11 publications

Physical Properties of Corn Residues

Physical Properties of Corn Residues

Effect of Torrefaction on Water Vapor Adsorption Properties and Resistance to Microbial Degradation of Corn Stover

Parameter Optimization of Cutting Force in Corn Stalk Chopping

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