Size of sweat glands in shorthorn strains and Zebu x Shorthorn crossbred cattle

Nay, T; Dowling, D. F.

doi:10.1071/ar9570385

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Study of this information indicates that the largest variation in sweat gland shape is limited to the cheek and ventral surface of the animal. Over the rest of the body the values obtained all fall well within the limits of the error of measurement reported for sweat gland size (Nay and Dowling 1957) and may not, therefore, be significantly different. The results could be interpreted as indicating that sweat gland shape does not vary appreciably between body areas apart from the ventral surface and extremities of the animal.…”

Section: (D) Body Areasupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The components of the hair follicle unit have been described in a number of different breeds (Yamane and Ono 1936;Findlay and Yang 1950;Carter and Dowling 1954), and the dimensions of some of them have been measured (Hafez, Badreldin, and Shafei 1955;Nay and Hayman 1956;Nay and Dowling 1957;Walker 1960;Pan 1963Pan ,1964. There is, however, little information concerning the anatomy of the skin of cattle in different countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Swat Glant and Hair Follicle Measurements as Indicators of Skin Type in Cattle

Jenkinson¹,

Nay²

1968

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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SummaryAn attempt has been made to find a suitable indicator of skin type which could be used for comparing the skin of cattle throughout the world. The effects of age, sex, and habitat on a number of skin measurements were studied. The influence of nutrition and of season and exercise on these measurements is discussed and within· animal regional differences are considered. It was concluded that sweat gland shape, which was defined as the ratio of sweat glartd length to sweat gland diameter, is a reliable indicator of cattle skin type when measured on skin samples from the neck or midside of adult cattle. Other skin measurements, such as hair follicle depth, may also prove useful under more restricted conditions and in the subclassification' of the skin type based on sweat gland shape.

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Section: (D) Body Areasupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swat Glant and Hair Follicle Measurements as Indicators of Skin Type in Cattle

Jenkinson¹,

Nay²

1968

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…Significant differences in sweat and sebaceous gland shape, size, and volume among breeds have been reported by Nay and Hayman (1956) and Nay & Dowling (1957). Pan (1970) obtained 4 g sebum per m2 from Sahiwal (Bos indicus) 2.5-3.5-year-old cows and Smith & Jenkinson (1975) showed sebum secretion weights that ranged from 164 to 173 mg/m2/h from 6-10-monthold Ayrshire calves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

The effects of hair density of beef cattle on Haematobia irritans horn fly populations

Steelman

Brown²,

Gbur

et al. 1997

Medical Vet Entomology

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We show the relationships that exist between the amount of hair and quantity of sebum on cattle skin and the population density of the horn fly, Haematobia irritans. Brahman and Chianina steers had means of 2390 and 1587 hairs per cm2, respectively, significantly more than the mean number of hairs on Angus, Brahman x Angus Crossbred, Charolais, and Red Poll steers. The Chianina steers had > 30% more sebum present on their skin and hair (0.58g/929 cm2) than the Angus, Charolais, and Red Poll steers at the Beef Cattle Research Station Savoy, Arkansas. The Brahman steers had a significantly greater amount of sebum present on the skin (1.51 g/929 cm2) than the Crossbred and purebred Angus steers (0.55 and 0.25 g/929 cm2, respectively) at the South Central Family Farms Research Centre Booneville, Arkansas. The Brahman and Chianina steers had means of 61.9 and 17.0 horn flies per steer, respectively, during the fly season, whereas the Angus, Crossbred, Charolais and Red Poll steers had fly season means that ranged from 76.9 to 265.8 flies per steer. Regression analysis showed that an increase of 100 hairs per cm2, was associated with a reduction of 11 horn flies in the Angus II, 5 in Angus I, 20 in Charolais, 37 in Red Poll, and 0.4 in Chianina steers at the Savoy Station and a reduction of 6.6 horn flies for the Angus, Brahman, and Crossbred steers at the Booneville Centre. Regardless of cattle breed, an increase of 1.0 g of sebum per 929 cm2 output by the steer was associated with 478.5 additional hairs per cm2 on the animal. Each increase of 0.25 g of sebum per 929 cm2 resulted in a decrease of 9.2 horn flies per steer. We conclude that some of the factors responsible for fly-resistance in cattle are hair density and the corresponding amount of sebum present on cattle skin and hair.

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“…Breed differences in sweat gland size and distribution over the body surface have been crudely established by linear measurement or by approximating glands to crude geometric shapes in cattle 18–23 and other bovids 24 . Tropical cattle are reported to possess larger and more numerous glands on thermal windows, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tropical cattle are reported to possess larger and more numerous glands on thermal windows, e.g. the dewlap under the neck and belly 19,20,22,23 . Similarly, regional differences in sweat gland size have been found in horses using simple linear measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal influences on quantitative changes in sweat‐associated anatomy in native and thoroughbred horses

Sneddon

Ritruechai

Yanes

et al. 2008

Veterinary Dermatology

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Stereological techniques were used to assess seasonal influences on morphometric characteristics of hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands in abattoir pelts of ponies (PN), thoroughbred (TB) and non-thoroughbred (NTB) horses. Volume density of sweat glands increased significantly from winter (0.061) to summer (0.098) in TB, and showed no change in NTB and a positive tendency in PN. There might be a body surface area : volume effect for sweat gland parameters as PN had smaller values than either TB or NTB, probably attributable to control of heat loss in winter. In summer, the skin remained thick and the volume density of sebaceous glands was increased in NTB, in contrast to TB where both were decreased. It is possible that in summer, sebum has a particular importance in NTB to enhance wicking of sweat through the pelt. TB showed significantly higher volume measurements of sebaceous glands than NTB and PN for winter: sebum has probably a special importance for water-proofing in TB in winter. PN showed no significant seasonal changes in sebaceous glands, but had a thinner summer skin. Winter values for hair follicle volume density between equine groups were similar (TB, NTB 0.066; PN 0.059), as was skin thickness (1.14-1.19 mm). The volume density lowered significantly in summer in TB and NTB. The volume of hair follicles under a unit area of skin surface decreased significantly in TB and nonsignificantly in NTB and PN. The seasonal adaptations of the skin shown here were most pronounced in TB and differed between breeds.

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Size of sweat glands in shorthorn strains and Zebu x Shorthorn crossbred cattle

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Swat Glant and Hair Follicle Measurements as Indicators of Skin Type in Cattle

Swat Glant and Hair Follicle Measurements as Indicators of Skin Type in Cattle

The effects of hair density of beef cattle on Haematobia irritans horn fly populations

Seasonal influences on quantitative changes in sweat‐associated anatomy in native and thoroughbred horses

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