Size Matters More Than Chemistry for Cloud-Nucleating Ability of Aerosol Particles

Dusek, U.; Frank, Göran; Hildebrandt, L.; Curtius, Joachim; Schneider, Johannes; Walter, S.; Chand, D.; Drewnick, Frank; Hings, Silke S.; Jung, Detlev; Borrmann, Stephan; Andreae, Meinrat O.

doi:10.1126/science.1125261

Cited by 937 publications

(844 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Dusek et al, 2006), we now discuss the effective radius, a key variable that is used in radiative transfer calculations. The aerosol effective radius is the mean radius of the aerosol size distribution weighted by the aerosol cross sectional area and a measure which part of the wavelength spectrum is mostly affected.…”

Section: Effective Radiusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerosol microphysics modules in the framework of the ECHAM5 climate model – intercomparison under stratospheric conditions

et al. 2009

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Abstract. In this manuscript, we present an intercomparison of three different aerosol microphysics modules that are implemented in the climate model ECHAM5. The comparison was done between the modal aerosol microphysics module M7, which is currently the default aerosol microphysical core in ECHAM5, and two sectional aerosol microphysics modules SALSA, and SAM2. The detailed aerosol microphysical model MAIA was used as a reference to evaluate the results of the aerosol microphysics modules with respect to sulphate aerosol.The ability of the modules to describe the development of the aerosol size distribution was tested in a zero dimensional framework. We evaluated the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches under different types of stratospheric conditions. Also, we present an improved method for the time integration in M7 and study how the setup of the modal aerosol modules affects the evolution of the aerosol size distribution.Intercomparison simulations were carried out with varying SO 2 concentrations from background conditions to extreme values arising from stratospheric injections by large volcanic eruptions. Under background conditions, all microphysics modules were in good agreement describing the shape of the aerosol size distribution, but the scatter between the model results increased with increasing SO 2 concentrations. In particular in the volcanic case the setups of the aerosol modules have to be adapted in order to dependably capture the evoluCorrespondence to: H. Kokkola (harri.kokkola@fmi.fi) tion of the aerosol size distribution, and to perform in global model simulations.In summary, this intercomparison serves as a review of the different aerosol microphysics modules which are currently available for the climate model ECHAM5.

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Section: Effective Radiusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhang et al, 2002;Dusek et al, 2006). In global scale atmospheric models, modeling aerosol processes is always a compromise between accuracy and computational efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol microphysics modules in the framework of the ECHAM5 climate model – intercomparison under stratospheric conditions

et al. 2009

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“…The aerosol effects on climate due to direct and indirect aerosol radiative forcing are mainly determined by the atmospheric aerosol burden, chemical composition and size distribution (e.g. Dusek et al, 2006). Due to the relative short residence times, tropospheric aerosol undergoes considerable spatial and temporal variability with inter-annual variability strongly dependent on the prevailing meteorological conditions (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol distribution over Europe: a model evaluation study with detailed aerosol microphysics

et al. 2008

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Abstract. This paper summarizes an evaluation of model simulations with a regional scale atmospheric climatechemistry/aerosol model called REMOTE, which has been extended by a microphysical aerosol module. Model results over Europe are presented and compared with available measurements in surface air focusing on the European distribution and variability of primary and secondary aerosols. Additionally, model results obtained with detailed aerosol microphysics are compared to those based on an aerosol bulk mass approach revealing the impact of dry deposition fluxes on atmospheric burden concentration. An improved determination of elevated ozone and sulfate concentrations could be achieved by considering a diurnal cycle in the anthropogenic emission fluxes. Deviation between modelled and measured organic carbon concentrations can be mainly explained by missing formation of secondary organic aerosols and deficiencies in emission data. Changing residential heating practices in Europe, where the use of wood is no longer restricted to rural areas, need to be considered in emission inventories as well as vegetation fire emissions which present a dominant source of organic carbon.

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“…1,2 The capacity for aerosols to absorb water can also influence their deposition in the respiratory track on inhalation, potentially influencing the impact of aerosols on health. 3 The uncertainties in understanding these processes provide an incentive to improve the characterization of aerosol hygroscopicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate Measurements of Aerosol Hygroscopic Growth over a Wide Range in Relative Humidity

et al. 2016

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Using a comparative evaporation kinetics approach, we describe a new and accurate method for determining the equilibrium hygroscopic growth of aerosol droplets. The time-evolving size of an aqueous droplet, as it evaporates to a steady size and composition that is in equilibrium with the gas phase relative humidity, is used to determine the time-dependent mass flux of water, yielding information on the vapor pressure of water above the droplet surface at every instant in time. Accurate characterization of the gas phase relative humidity is provided from a control measurement of the evaporation profile of a droplet of know equilibrium properties, either a pure water droplet or a sodium chloride droplet. In combination, and by comparison with simulations that account for both the heat and mass transport governing the droplet evaporation kinetics, these measurements allow accurate retrieval of the equilibrium properties of the solution droplet (i.e., the variations with water activity in the mass fraction of solute, diameter growth factor, osmotic coefficient or number of water molecules per solute molecule). Hygroscopicity measurements can be made over a wide range in water activity (from >0.99 to, in principle, <0.05) on time scales of <10 s for droplets containing involatile or volatile solutes. The approach is benchmarked for binary and ternary inorganic solution aerosols with typical uncertainties in water activity of <±0.2% at water activities >0.9 and ∼±1% below 80% RH, and maximum uncertainties in diameter growth factor of ±0.7%. For all of the inorganic systems examined, the time-dependent data are consistent with large values of the mass accommodation (or evaporation) coefficient (>0.1).

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Size Matters More Than Chemistry for Cloud-Nucleating Ability of Aerosol Particles

Cited by 937 publications

References 29 publications

Aerosol microphysics modules in the framework of the ECHAM5 climate model – intercomparison under stratospheric conditions

Aerosol microphysics modules in the framework of the ECHAM5 climate model – intercomparison under stratospheric conditions

Aerosol distribution over Europe: a model evaluation study with detailed aerosol microphysics

Accurate Measurements of Aerosol Hygroscopic Growth over a Wide Range in Relative Humidity

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