Size, Life-History Traits, and Social Organization in the Canidae: A Reevaluation

Geffen, Eli; Gompper, Matthew E.; Gittleman, John L.; Luh, Hang‐Kwang; Macdonald, David W.; Wayne, Robert K.

doi:10.1086/285844

Cited by 170 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Although larger mammals need relatively less fuel per kilogram than do equivalent, smaller ones, the larger they get, the more they need (Carbone et al, 1999, Geffen et al,1996. Zorros in sympatry have about 75% dietary overlap with MW Jácomo et al, 2004) at quarter of the body weight (Figure 8.1).…”

Section: Maned Wolf Versus Crab-eating Zorromentioning

confidence: 98%

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Maned Wolves of Noel Kempff Mercado National Park

Emmons¹

2012

Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology

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Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press s m i t h s o n i a n c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o z o o l o g y • n u m b e r 6 3 9The Maned Wolves of Noel Kempff Mercado National Park Edited by Louise H. Emmons SerieS PublicationS of the SmithSonian inStitutionEmphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report on the research and collections of its various museums and bureaus. The Smithsonian Contributions Series are distributed via mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world.Manuscripts submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press from authors with direct affiliation with the various Smithsonian museums or bureaus and are subject to peer review and review for compliance with manuscript preparation guidelines. General requirements for manuscript preparation are on the inside back cover of printed volumes. For detailed submissions requirements and to review the "Manuscript Preparation and Style Guide for Authors," visit the Submissions page at www.scholarlypress.si.edu. s m i t h s o n i a n c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o z o o l o g y • n u m b e r 6 3 9The Maned Wolves of Noel Kempff Mercado National Park Chrysocyon brachyurus) for 10 years in Cerrado habitat of Noel Kempff National Park, Bolivia. Most data were collected by GPS-collar technology, which yielded over 37,000 locations in 27 collar deployments on 10 individuals. The eight chapters introduce the study area and methods (1) and describe daily and seasonal activity (2); movements and ranges (3); diet and energetics (4); social interactions and reproduction (5); disease exposure, morbidity and mortality (6); maned wolf conservation (7); and finally, we synthesize the results in an overview of maned wolf behavioral ecology, with hypotheses about the unique form and function of this atypical canid (8). Activity was temperature related and sharply nocturnal in the dry season but partly diurnal in the rainy season. Adult home ranges were 40-123 km 2 , with strong seasonal variations in land use. Maned wolves averaged 14 km/night travel in dry months and 7 km/night during wet months. Breeding pairs shared territories with contiguous borders, which did not overlap with neighboring pairs. Young females twice stayed until adulthood on natal territories, as presumed helpers, and a...

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Section: Maned Wolf Versus Crab-eating Zorromentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Paradoxically, the giant maned wolf can probably exist in its predatory role only because half of its diet is fruit. Carnivora that are omnivores, such as bears, can be very large, but this results in extremely low female reproductive output (Geffen et al, 1996).…”

Section: Implications Of Maned Wolf Omnivorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Maned Wolves of Noel Kempff Mercado National Park

Emmons¹

2012

Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology

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“…Esses dois processos microevolutivos dificilmente seriam os mais importantes na diferenciação interespecífica do tamanho do corpo no grupo, considerando o caráter estudado e as grandes escalas de tempo envolvidas. O tamanho do corpo é uma das características mais importantes dos organismos, estando correlacionada com muitos outros caracteres ecológicos, comportamentais e de história de vida, tais como densidade populacional, idade de maturação sexual, dimorfismo sexual, número de descendentes, área de distribuição geográfica, área de vida, padrões de comportamento social, dentre outros (La Barbera, 1989;Gittleman 1985Gittleman , 1989Geffen et al, 1996). Assim, é improvável que, em grandes escalas de tempo, ele evolua por um simples processo de deriva aleatória.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Padrões e processos na evolução do tamanho do corpo em carnívoros (Mammalia) da América do Sul

Diniz‐Filho

Vieira

1998

Rev. Bras. Biol.

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Patterns and processes in body size evolution of south american carnivoresIn the last few years, many models have been proposed to link microevolutionary processes to macroevolutionary patterns, defined by comparative data analysis. Among these, Brownian motion and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (O-U) processes have been used to model, respectively, genetic drift and stabilizing selection.Since these models produce different curves of pairwise variance between species against time since divergence, different profiles in phylogenetic correlograms must appear. In this paper, we analyzed variation in body weight among 17 species of South American carnivores by means of phylogenetic correlograms, constructed using Moran's I coefficients in four distance classes. Phylogeny among species was based on molecular data.The observed correlogram was then compared with 400 simulated correlograms of Brownian motion and O-U over the same phylogeny. The observed correlogram indicates a phylogenetic gradient up to 8 mya, when coefficients tend to stabilize, and autoregressive model indicates that around 74% of the interspecific variance in body size can be explained by phylogenetic inertia. This is expected by considering that body size is usually correlated with many ecological and lifehistory traits, being subjected to many constraints that can be modeled by O-U process expressing stabilizing selection.Key words: carnivores, body size, phylogeny, autocorrelation, correlograms, stabilizing selection. RESUMONos últimos anos, muitos modelos têm sido propostos a fim de ligar os processos microevolutivos aos padrões macroevolutivos. Dentre estes, o movimento Browniano e o processo Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (O-U) têm sido utilizados, respectivamente, para modelar a evolução de um caráter quantitativo sob efeito de deriva genética e seleção estabilizadora.Uma vez que esses processos produzem curvas diferentes de relação entre variância interespecífica e tempo de divergência, eles podem ser distinguidos através de correlogramas filogenéticos. Neste trabalho, padrões no tamanho do corpo de 17 espécies de Carnívora sul-americanos foram analisados através de correlogramas filogenéticos, construídos com índices I de Moran em quatro classes de distância no tempo.O correlograma observado foi comparado a 400 correlogramas obtidos através de simulações dos dois processos (movimento Browniano e O-U) sobre a filogenia das espécies analisadas (obtida

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“…Ao contrário do que ocorre com a área de distribuição geográfica, o tamanho do corpo está freqüentemente estruturado ao longo da filogenia, um padrão que tem sido encontrado para muitos organismos (CHEVERUD et al,1985;GITTLEMAN & KOT, 1990;EDWARDS & KOT, 1995;GEFFEN et al,1996;GITTLEMAN et al,1996). Através do correlograma para os dados de tamanho do corpo, pode-se inferir que, a partir da distância temporal de cerca de 30 milhões de anos, não é possível, conhecendo o valor deste caráter em uma espécie, predizer qual será o seu valor em outras espécies.…”

Section: α αunclassified

Macroecologia de carnívoros do Novo Mundo (Mammalia): envelopes de restrição e análise de padrões filogenéticos

Tôrres

Diniz‐Filho

2004

Iheringia, Sér. Zool.

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ABSTRACT. Macroecology of New World carnivores: constraint envelopes and analysis of phylogenetic patterns. The relationship between body size and geographic range was analyzed for 70 species of terrestrial Carnivora ("fissipeds") of the New World, after the control of phylogenetic patterns in the data using phylogenetic eigenvector regression. The analysis from EcoSim software showed that the variables are related as a triangular envelope. Phylogenetic patterns in data were detected by means of phylogenetic correlograms, and 200 simulations of the phenotypic evolution were also performed over the phylogeny. For body size, the simulations suggested a nonlinear relationship for the evolution of this character along the phylogeny. For geographic range size, the correlogram showed no phylogenetic patterns. A phylogenetic eigenvector regression was performed on original data and on data simulated under Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Since both characters did not evolve under a simple Brownian motion process, the Type I errors should be around 10%, compatible with other methods to analyze correlated evolution. The significant correlation of the original data (r = 0.38; P < 0.05), as well as the triangular envelope, then indicate ecological and adaptive processes connecting the two variables, such as those proposed in minimum viable population models.

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Size, Life-History Traits, and Social Organization in the Canidae: A Reevaluation

Cited by 170 publications

References 69 publications

Maned Wolves of Noel Kempff Mercado National Park

Maned Wolves of Noel Kempff Mercado National Park

Padrões e processos na evolução do tamanho do corpo em carnívoros (Mammalia) da América do Sul

Macroecologia de carnívoros do Novo Mundo (Mammalia): envelopes de restrição e análise de padrões filogenéticos

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