Size influence on shape of handwritten characters loops

Marquis, Raymond; Taroni, Franco; Bozza, Silvia; Schmittbuhl, Matthieu

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.11.005

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…How letters are formed may be influenced by other factors such as the speed at which they were written (Halder-Sinn & Funsch, 1998), the preceding letter (Graham & Weintraub, 1996) and the size of the writing (Marquis, Taroni, Bozza, & Schmittbuhl, 2007). As children become older, a personal handwriting style usually develops which is different to the convention they were taught as beginner writers (Hamstra-Bletz & Blote, 1990;Ziviani & Wallen, 2006).…”

Section: Letter Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of a home-based program to improve handwriting after stroke: a pilot study

Simpson

McCluskey

Lannin

et al. 2015

Disability and Rehabilitation

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facilities, health-related websites and in a seniors' newspaper. Eligibility criteria included having sustained a stroke at least three months previously, having self-reported difficulties with, and goals related to, handwriting, being able to hold a pen, and having sufficient cognitive and communication skills to complete a daily home program.A four-week, home-based handwriting training program was delivered by an occupational therapist. The intervention applied principles of task-specific motor training, involving intensive practice of meaningful handwriting tasks related to participant goals. Whole handwriting tasks were practised, as well as problematic handwriting task components. An occupational therapist provided supervised practice and coaching, giving feedback on task performance and using shaping to achieve the right level of challenge. Two 1-hour therapy sessions were provided per week. Another three hours per week of independent, unsupervised practice was prescribed to increase practice intensity. Participants were taught cognitive strategies to analyse their handwriting performance and problem-solve ways to improve specific handwriting features.Handwriting performance was measured at baseline, after the training program (at four weeks) and four weeks later. The primary outcome measure was the modified Evaluation Tool of Children's Handwriting-Words (mETCH-W), a subtest of the Handwriting Assessment Battery (HAB). Secondary outcome measures included other subtests of the HAB, the modified Four Point Scale, and the modified Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) Scale. Legibility was scored by a blinded rater.Feasibility of recruitment, intervention and outcome measures was evaluated using descriptive statistics, including means, standard deviations and proportions. Utility of the outcome measures was also evaluated by comparing participant score at baseline, postintervention and follow-up. Mean or median change scores were then calculated between these three time points and reported with a 95% confidence interval or interquartile range.Results: Seven adults with stroke were recruited over 18 months (eligibility fraction 43% of those screened, and enrolment fraction 78% of those eligible). There were no dropouts. Mean time post stroke was 2.6 years (range: 3 months to 7 years). Mean age was 71 years (range: 50 to 87 years). Mean disability measured using the Modified Rankin Scale was 2.3 (range 1 to 4). Although recruitment was slow, the intervention was feasible. Participants completed a mean of 7.9 hours of occupational therapy supervised handwriting practice (range: 7.6 to 8.3 hours) and 10 hours of independent practice (range: 6 to 14 hours). Participants were able to

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Section: Letter Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of a home-based program to improve handwriting after stroke: a pilot study

Simpson

McCluskey

Lannin

et al. 2015

Disability and Rehabilitation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This may have reduced the need for multi-finger coordination, which is a requirement of handwriting (Dooijes, 1983). Third, although there is evidence of end-effector independence in handwriting, when writing relatively large letters their shapes are altered (Marquis, Taroni, Bozza, & Schmittbuhl, 2007), and the need for position accuracy is also reduced.…”

Section: Study Limitations and Future Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robot-assisted intermanual transfer of handwriting skills

Basteris

Bracco

Sanguineti

2012

Human Movement Science

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We examined whether intermanual transfer of fine motor skills can be facilitated by training in a virtual environment. We focused on three types of assistance: visual - subjects could see a reference template on a computer screen - and two variants of haptic assistance. Subjects held a planar robot manipulandum and were required to write isolated cursive letters of an approximate size of 5 cm. Therefore, the task was similar to writing on a horizontal blackboard. The robot generated forces that were directed either towards the reference template (path guidance) or towards the reference trajectory (trajectory guidance). The training protocol consisted of three assisted exercise sessions on three consecutive days. Performance on the following day was tested to assess retention. After training, the improvement in trajectory shape was only significant in trajectory guidance and, to a lesser extent, visual guidance. Path guidance exhibited no significant improvement. These effects were substantially retained one day after the end of training. Similar effects were observed in shape variability. Furthermore, all training modalities caused a reduction in movement duration, but no significant differences were observed among groups. These results suggest that robot assistance may be beneficial for improving intermanual transfer, but inclusion of temporal information in the guidance strategy is essential for learning to take place.

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“…Still in this measurement quest more than one research favoured the statistical study of features mainly associated with the shape of the letterstherefore focusing on "morphology", intended here in its etymology of 'related to the shape (the contour or outline) of the object' [5,6]. This shape-dependent approach entails the risk that when fortuitous or transient morphological changes occur in the signature, the mathematical ('graphometrical') data previously collected and classified as characteristic of that specific writer can accordingly result modified [7], consequently increasing the chances of an incorrect opinion being released as to the signatory. By way of an example one can think of the substantial changes in the shape of ovals ("a", "o", etc.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Variability Measurement of Shape Independent Features to Establish a New Method to Differentiate Genuine Signatures from Simulated Ones

Brugnatelli¹

2013

J Forensic Res

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This matter adds to the known fact that it is quite natural for an imitator to be focusing his/her best imitating efforts on the production of graphic forms meant to be morphologically closest to the target sample; in other words, the forger's efforts are usually mainly concentrated on a plausible or even optimal formal rendition of the letters [9], also because shape-related features generally capture most of one's eye attention when anyone is occasionally called to check at a glance on the genuineness of a signature [10].

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Size influence on shape of handwritten characters loops

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Feasibility of a home-based program to improve handwriting after stroke: a pilot study

Feasibility of a home-based program to improve handwriting after stroke: a pilot study

Robot-assisted intermanual transfer of handwriting skills

The Variability Measurement of Shape Independent Features to Establish a New Method to Differentiate Genuine Signatures from Simulated Ones

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