Size Exponents for Scaling Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Over 6500 Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Lolli, Lorenzo; Batterham, Alan M.; Weston, Kathryn L; Atkinson, Greg

doi:10.1007/s40279-016-0655-1

Cited by 47 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 89 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Currently, however, it is unknown whether children of higher body mass completing fewer shuttles is due to a lower aerobic fitness per se, or because they are carrying a higher body mass and therefore do more work in every shuttle. To elucidate this further would require a direct assessment of VO 2 peak Fitness Levels in Children From North East England scaled relative to an individual's body mass, or even fat-free mass (26), to be compared with 20mSRT performance, for example, which was beyond the scope of the current study. Participants' 20mSRT scores were distributed relatively evenly across the quintile scoring framework (43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Study of Physical Fitness in 8- to 10-Year-Old Primary School Children From North East England in Comparison With National and International Data

Weston

Pasecinic

Basterfield

2019

Pediatric Exercise Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose: Despite recent updates to international normative values for physical fitness in young people, contemporary data sets from England are sparse with no published data available from the North East. We compared physical fitness in children from one primary school in North East England to International and European reference data, and other English regions. Methods: Eighty participants (mean age [SD]: 9.1 [0.6] y) completed a testing battery of 20-m shuttle run test, handgrip strength, standing broad jump, and sit-and-reach. Scores for each component were assessed against International or European age-and sex-specific centiles, then grouped into quintiles. Differences between our sample and European and English data sets were explored using z scores and t tests. Results: For all components, ≥58% of participants were classified as having "moderate" or lower levels. Twenty-meter shuttle run test performance was not substantially different compared with other English data sets. For handgrip and sit-and-reach, our sample scored significantly worse than South East children. Standing broad jump distance in girls, and handgrip in boys and girls, was significantly lower than North West equivalents. Conclusion: Physical fitness levels in primary school children from North East England are suboptimal, highlighting a need for large-scale monitoring studies to build on our preliminary findings.Physical fitness can be defined as a set of characteristics related to health and performance, including aerobic fitness, muscular endurance, strength and power, body composition, flexibility, balance, agility, and reaction time (7,22). In children and adolescents, the characteristics directly attributable with health improvements are aerobic fitness, body composition, flexibility, and muscular fitness-a collective term representing muscular strength, local muscular endurance, and muscular power (39)- (7,20,21,47). Of these, aerobic fitness-often defined as the ability of the working muscle to receive and utilize oxygen for energy production during exercise (4)-is a strong summative marker of physical health (30); with peak oxygen uptake (VO 2 peak)-the highest rate at which oxygen can be consumed during exercise (4)-widely recognized as the best single measure of aerobic fitness in young people (5). As VO 2 peak is highly correlated with body mass, this is typically controlled for by dividing peak VO 2 (mL/min) by body mass in kg and expressing it as a ratio of mL/kg/min (4). Higher levels of aerobic fitness are associated with reduced risk of future metabolic and cardiovascular disease; obesity and mortality (9,38); better mental health (30); and potentially higher levels of academic achievement (19). There is also accumulating evidence linking higher levels of muscular fitness with various physical and psychological health benefits in young people (39), some of which are independent of aerobic fitness.Despite the well-documented benefits of higher physical fitness in youth, debate remains over whether aerobic fitness in young p...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Study of Physical Fitness in 8- to 10-Year-Old Primary School Children From North East England in Comparison With National and International Data

Weston

Pasecinic

Basterfield

2019

Pediatric Exercise Science

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Using power function modelling for scaling the VO 2 max Chia & Aziz (2008) revealed also different allometric factors for both sexes -b = 0.67 for male athletes and b = 0.24 for female athletes. The results of Lolli et al (2016) demonstrated lower exponent in women (b=0.52; 95% CL: 0.41 to 0.64) than for men (b=0.77; 95% CL: 0.71 to 0.83).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…One of the factors explaining the significant differences in absolute oxygen uptake among groups of athletes with different BM, is the considerable heterogeneity of body composition (Lolli et al, 2016). Traditionally, sports scientists use the two-compartment model of body composition, which divides the body into two chemically distinct compartments -the fat mass and fat-free mass.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is assumed that the allometric scaling allows for examining the maximal oxygen uptake that remove the confounding effect of the body mass (Nevill et al, 1992(Nevill et al, , 2003Welsman et al, 1996;Lolli et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, recent studies have established that in athletic and non-athletic population the experimentally derived scaling factors may deviate from the theoretical exponents. In a systematic review involving a large sample of 7,851 participants Lolli et al (2016) estimated the pooled allometric exponent (95% CL) to be 0.71 (0.65 to 0.77) for body mass. Jensen et al (2001) analyzed data for 655 male and 312 female athletes from 25 different sports and found an allometric exponent of 0.73.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Aerobic Capacity of Judo Players Scaled for Differences in Body Size

Dimitrova¹,

Mladenov²,

Nikolova³

et al. 2019

JASS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aerobic capacity is considered to be a prerequisite for high training and competitive performance in judo. However, it is not clear how the differences in the body composition of judokas affect their aerobic performance. The present study was aimed at comparing the body composition variables and aerobic capacity among judo players from different weight categories and examining the best method for scaling the VO 2 max for differences in body mass. The subjects were 109 male and 108 female judokas 15-26 years old, grouped in three weight categories for each sex. Percentage of body fat (%BF) was predicted by skinfold equations. Fat mass, fat-free mass (FFM) and BMI were also calculated. The maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2 max) was measured during a graded maximal bicycle ergometer test. The correlations between VO 2 max, normalized by different methods, and body size variables were tested by Pearson's productmoment correlations. The %BF and body composition variables significantly differed among weight categories and were with the highest values in the heaviest athletes. The average VȮ 2 max.BM-1 of the entire groups of male and female judokas were respectively 48.4±4.7 ml.kg-1 .min-1 and 39.7±4.0 ml.kg-1 .min-1. The lightweight classes demonstrated the highest relative to BM values of V̇O 2 max. When VO 2 max was adjusted to BM with derived allometric exponents (0.77 for males and 0.69 for females) the results for the three weight categories of male and female judokas were similar, regardless of the differences in their body composition. The interpretation of the between-weight categories differences in aerobic capacity in judokas is dependent on the method of expression of VO 2 max. The VO 2 max, normalized for BM or FFM, did not remove the effect of body size and still correlated with body composition variables in both sexes. The power function expression of VO 2 max produced size-free variables, which did not correlate with body size in judokas.

show abstract

Obese individuals do not underreport dietary intake to a greater extent than nonobese individuals when data are allometrically‐scaled

Waterworth

Kerr

McManus

et al. 2022

American J Hum Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the extent of misreporting in obese and nonobese adults on an absolute, ratio-scaled, and allometricallyscaled basis. Method: Self-reported daily energy intake (EI) was compared with total energy expenditure (TEE) in 221 adults (106 male, 115 female; age 53 ± 17 years, stature 1.68 ± 0.09 m, mass 79.8 ± 17.2 kg) who participated in a doubly-labeled water (DLW) subsection of 2013-2015 National Diet and Nutrition Survey. Data were log transformed and expressed as absolute values, according to simple ratio-standards (per kg body mass) and adjusted for body mass allometrically. Absolute and ratio-scaled misreporting were examined using full-factorial General Linear Models with repeated measures of the natural logarithms of TEE or EI as the within-subjects factor. The natural logarithm of body mass was included as a covariate in the allometric method. The categorical variables of gender, age, obesity, and physical activity level (PAL) were the between-factor variables. Results: On an absolute-basis, self-reported EI (2759 ± 590 kcalÁd À1 ) was significantly lower than TEE measured by DLW (2759 ± 590 kcalÁd À1 : F 1,205 = 598.81, p < .001, η p 2 =0.75). We identified significantly greater underreporting in individuals with an obese BMI (F 1,205 = 29.01, p <.001, η p 2 =0.12), in more active individuals (PAL > 1.75; F 1,205 = 34.15, p <.001, η p 2 =0.14) and in younger individuals (≤55 years; F 1,205 = 14.82, p < .001, η p 2 =0.07), which are all categories with higher energy needs. Ratio-scaling data reduced the effect sizes. Allometric-scaling removed the effect of body mass (F 1,205 =0.02, p = 0.887, η p 2 =0.00).

show abstract

Size Exponents for Scaling Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Over 6500 Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 47 publications

References 89 publications

A Preliminary Study of Physical Fitness in 8- to 10-Year-Old Primary School Children From North East England in Comparison With National and International Data

A Preliminary Study of Physical Fitness in 8- to 10-Year-Old Primary School Children From North East England in Comparison With National and International Data

Aerobic Capacity of Judo Players Scaled for Differences in Body Size

Obese individuals do not underreport dietary intake to a greater extent than nonobese individuals when data are allometrically‐scaled

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About