Size effects on microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured copper–chromium–niobium alloy

Demeneghi, Gabriel; Barnes, Baxter; Gradl, Paul R.; Mayeur, Jason R.; Hazeli, Kavan

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2021.141511

Cited by 32 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The pore and inclusion defects without any large cracks were reported in the fracture's surfaces of all the samples and the microstructure was heavily deformed and refined with twin formation [326]. In a study carried out by Demeneghi et al [325] and Robinson et al [327], the mechanical properties of SLM-built Cu alloys was improved by decreasing porosity through increasing sample thickness and Ag addition, respectively.…”

Section: Mechanical and Conductivity Properties Of Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufactured Cu Alloysmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…They found that it was necessary to use a high laser power and slower scan speed in order to achieve higher density, although the dimensional accuracy of the final parts suffered. In a recent study, Demeneghi et al [325] fabricated copper-4at.% chromium-2at.% niobium alloy using laser powder bed fusion method as a function of sample thickness ranging from 0.7 mm to 2 mm. As the sample thickness increased, the porosity decreased, resulting in better mechanical properties.…”

Section: Laser-processed Cu Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing for Metals

Ladani

Sadeghilaridjani

2021

Metals

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Additive manufacturing (AM) as a disruptive technology has received much attention in recent years. In practice, however, much effort is focused on the AM of polymers. It is comparatively more expensive and more challenging to additively manufacture metallic parts due to their high temperature, the cost of producing powders, and capital outlays for metal additive manufacturing equipment. The main technology currently used by numerous companies in the aerospace and biomedical sectors to fabricate metallic parts is powder bed technology, in which either electron or laser beams are used to melt and fuse the powder particles line by line to make a three-dimensional part. Since this technology is new and also sought by manufacturers, many scientific questions have arisen that need to be answered. This manuscript gives an introduction to the technology and common materials and applications. Furthermore, the microstructure and quality of parts made using powder bed technology for several materials that are commonly fabricated using this technology are reviewed and the effects of several process parameters investigated in the literature are examined. New advances in fabricating highly conductive metals such as copper and aluminum are discussed and potential for future improvements is explored.

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Section: Mechanical and Conductivity Properties Of Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufactured Cu Alloysmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Laser-processed Cu Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing for Metals

Ladani

Sadeghilaridjani

2021

Metals

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“…For example, the implementation of a fluidic diode cavity near the injection face can cause reductions in minimum wall-thickness between the unlike-doublet flow paths, and between adjacent doublet pairs. Furthermore, printed materials show a reduction in strength when sample thickness is below some characteristic value (dependent on material and AM fabrication process) due to increased porosity [9]. Therefore, the size, shape, and position of the fluidic diode must be taken into consideration throughout the design process.…”

Section: Fig 1 Tesla Valve Flow Behavior With Low-resistance In Forwa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-diodicity impinging injector design for rocket propulsion enabled by additive manufacturing

Keller

Otomize

Nair

et al. 2022

AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum

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This work examines novel impinging injector designs enabled by additive manufacturing that reduce forward pressure loss while maintaining high relative back-flow resistance (diodicity). A steady, non-reacting computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is used to assess the hydraulic characteristics of fluidic diode features in a liquid bi-propellant impinging doublet-type injector configuration relevant to rocket propulsion applications. A design trade study is conducted to determine an effective fluidic diode feature to be implemented within the injector elements, constrained by practical considerations for additive manufacturing. Noteworthy increases in diodicity are achieved within the constraints of producibility relative to conventional designs. A complimentary transient, multiphase CFD model is used to evaluate propellant backflow behavior when subject to a high-pressure impulse within a downstream chamber. Preliminary results suggest that the diodicity is a relevant predictor of transient performance as injector stiffness decreases.

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“…Recently, SLMed pure copper and copper alloys [ 25 , 26 ] have also been carried out. Copper alloys have a high laser reflectivity, and SLMed parts of Cu–Cr–Nb alloys have high porosity [ 27 ], which seriously affects the mechanical properties of the as-built parts. The hot isostatic press (HIP) treatment of as-built parts can effectively eliminate small pores [ 27 , 28 ] and improve the elongation of the alloy, but the tensile strength significantly reduces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Copper alloys have a high laser reflectivity, and SLMed parts of Cu–Cr–Nb alloys have high porosity [ 27 ], which seriously affects the mechanical properties of the as-built parts. The hot isostatic press (HIP) treatment of as-built parts can effectively eliminate small pores [ 27 , 28 ] and improve the elongation of the alloy, but the tensile strength significantly reduces. SLM process parameters are optimized to improve the relative density of the fabricated parts, improving the alloy properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Properties of Cu–Cr–Nb–Ti Alloy Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2023

Materials

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The fabrication of high-performance copper alloys by selective laser melting (SLM) is challenging, and establishing relationships between the process parameters and microstructures is necessary. In this study, Cu–Cr–Nb–Ti alloy is manufactured by SLM, and the microstructures of the alloy are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The effects of processing parameters such as laser power and scanning speed on the relative density, defects, microstructures, mechanical properties, and electrical conductivity of the Cu–Cr–Nb–Ti alloy are studied. The optimal processing window for fabricating Cu–Cr–Nb–Ti alloy by SLM is determined. Face-centered cubic (FCC) Cu diffraction peaks shifting to small angles are observed, and there are no diffraction peaks related to the second phase. The grains of XY planes have a bimodal distribution with an average grain size of 24–55 μm. Fine second phases with sizes of less than 50 nm are obtained. The microhardness, tensile strength, and elongation of the Cu–Cr–Nb–Ti alloy manufactured using the optimum processing parameters, laser power of 325 W and scanning speed of 800 mm/s, are 139 HV0.2, 416 MPa, and 27.8%, respectively, and the electrical conductivity is 15.6% IACS (International Annealed Copper Standard). This study provides a feasible scheme for preparing copper alloys with excellent performance and complex geometries.

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Size effects on microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured copper–chromium–niobium alloy

Cited by 32 publications

References 36 publications

Review of Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing for Metals

Review of Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing for Metals

High-diodicity impinging injector design for rocket propulsion enabled by additive manufacturing

Effect of Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Properties of Cu–Cr–Nb–Ti Alloy Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting

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